PACK OF PREGUED FILTERING HALF WITH TUNED NERVES

专利摘要:
pleated filter medium provided with tapered ribs. these are pleated filter media, media packs, filter elements and methods for filtering fluid that contain three-dimensional tapered ribs on the media surface, the ribs being configured to optimize the performance of the filter. in certain embodiments, the ribs have defined peaks that reduce the masking between adjacent folds, the ribs have cracks along its length to modify the cross-sectional geometry of the rib and / or ribs provide volume asymmetry across the medium.
公开号:BR112012018520B1
申请号:R112012018520-9
申请日:2011-01-25
公开日:2020-03-17
发明作者:Gary L. Rocklitz
申请人:Donaldson Company, Inc.；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

“PREGUE FILTERING MEDIA PACKAGE FITTED WITH TUNNEL NERVES” Cross Reference to Related Applications This application was filed on January 25, 2011 as an application for an International PCT Patent in the name of the Donaldson Company, Inc., a US national capital company. US, depositor for the designation of all countries except the United States of America, and Gary J. Rocklitz, an American citizen, depositor for the designation of the United States of America only, and claims priority of Provisional Patent Application n ° US 61 / 298,109 which was filed with the United States Patent Trademark Office on January 25, 2010. All disclosure of Provisional Patent Application No. US 61 / 298,109 is incorporated into this document in its entirety.
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to pleated filter media, media packs, filter elements and methods for producing media, media packs and filter elements.
Background Fluid streams, such as gases and liquids, usually carry contaminating material in them. In many cases, it is desirable to filter some or all of the contaminating material from the fluid stream. For example, particulate contaminants are normally present in drafts for motor vehicle engines and power generation equipment, drafts and gas for gas turbine systems, drafts and gas for various combustion furnaces and drafts. air and gas for heat exchangers (eg heating and air conditioning). Liquid streams in engine lubrication systems, hydraulic systems, coolant systems and fuel systems can also carry contaminants that must be filtered out. It is preferred for such systems that the selected contaminating material is removed from the fluid (or has its level reduced in the fluid). A variety of fluid filters (gas or liquid filters) have been developed to reduce contaminants. In general, however, continuous improvements are seen. The pleated filter media has been in use for many years and is widely adopted for fluid filtration applications, including gas and liquid filtration. The pleated filter medium provides a relatively large surface area of medium in a given volume by folding the medium back and forth so that a large amount of medium can be arranged in a relatively small volume. The pleated medium is typically formed of continuous or rolled blankets of filter medium, with the pleats formed perpendicular to the machine direction of the medium. Machine direction of the medium in general refers to the continuous direction of the medium as it becomes a source, such as a supply roll. The continuous direction is also sometimes referred to as the middle machine direction. Pleated folds, therefore, are generally transversal to the continuous direction of the medium. In general, a first set of pleated folds forms a first face of the middle pack and a second set of pleated folds forms a second face of the middle pack, with the first and second pleated folds alternating with each other. It is to be understood that in certain embodiments the "face" described in the present invention can be substantially uneven or irregular, and can be flat or non-flat.
A challenge to the design of filter elements that contain pleated filter media is that an undesirable level of fluid flow restriction can occur as the number of pleats within a given volume increases. The constraint becomes critical as the pleats are pressed very close together, which can cause significant interference in the performance of the filter. For example, the pleats can be so close together that it is difficult for the fluid to enter the area between the pleats. Due to this restriction, the medium in some pleated filters of the prior art is modified to create an uneven surface with raised areas of hollow repetition arcs along the surface of the medium. The pleats that have this uneven surface become pressed towards each other, the raised areas in the middle help to maintain the flow of fluid between the surfaces of the pleats by forming channels that assist the flow of fluid. Although pleats with uneven surfaces can provide advantages, the improvement is limited, especially with deeper pleat constructions.
Therefore, there is a need for improved pleated filter media.
SUMMARY The present invention is directed to the pleated filter medium and pleated media packs containing the pleated filter medium. These pleat packs can in turn be formed into filter elements, which are also the subject of the present invention. The middle and medium fold packs contain ribs that extend between the pleated folds. Ribs are three-dimensional structures formed in the filtering medium that provide flow paths along the pleat surfaces, which allow an advantageous flow of fluids through the medium, which assist in the control of pleat spacing, which assist in providing rigidity and structure for the fold face and that provide effective contaminant removal.
At least some of the ribs in the media package have tapered geometry. Tapered geometry typically includes a change in width and / or height and / or cross-sectional areas of ribs along its length. The use of tapered ribs in a pleated medium can be significant benefits with respect to filtering performance. For example, tapered ribs can allow deeper pleat packs to be formed while offering benefits in the flow of fluid through the pleat pack. Such benefits can be realized by having ribs with relatively large cross-sectional areas on the upstream side of the media pack close to the front face of the media pack (where fluids enter the media pack), along with opposite ribs that they have relatively large cross-sectional areas on the downstream side of the media pack close to the rear face of the media pack (where fluids come out of the media pack). This change in upstream and downstream rib cross-sectional areas can decrease the concentration and expansion pressure losses associated with the inflow and outflow of the pleat pack and can reduce pressure losses as the flow moves along the channels. formed by tapering ribs. Thus, the tapered ribs can then reduce the initial pleat pack pressure drop. By reducing the initial pressure drop and affecting the distribution across the medium along the ribs, the tapered ribs can increase the filter's service life.
Changes in length, height and / or cross-sectional area are usually gradual along the length of the ribs, but in some deployments the changes can be in stages or otherwise non-gradual. In most deployments, the tapered ribs will exhibit a substantially uniform narrowing along all or most of the length of the rib. However, in some implantations it is possible to have the narrowing varying along the length of the rib, so that the narrowing is not uniform or non-continuous. For example, the rib can transition from a tapered area to a non-tapered area, to another tapered area.
Although the cross-sectional area of specific ribs can vary from one end of the rib to the other, it is not necessary that the width of the rib or the height of the rib also taper. In fact, in some deployments the width, height or both are constant or substantially constant along the length of the rib. As will be explained in the Detailed Description, it is possible to change the cross-sectional area of a rib without changing its width or height. This can be done by changing the shape of the side walls of the rib, such as by forming ridges along the rib wall and changing the position of these ridges along the rib. As used in the present invention, a ridge is generally a curvature, crease or deformation in the middle along with part or the entire length of a rib. A ridge is typically a discontinuity in the middle curve, which is not generally found in the curved medium. Thus, a ridge is generally not simply an inflection point between or gradual curves, but rather a more significant discontinuity in the curvature (as shown, for example, in Figures 9A and 9B of the present invention). As elaborated in the Detailed Description, the ridges built in accordance with the teachings of the invention allow specialized tapered ribs. In particular, it is possible to have the position of ridges varying along the length of the ribs in order to promote controlled narrowing of the ribs. Thus, the addition of ridges formed along the length of a rib and the change of shapes and locations of these ridges can result in significant narrowing of the rib in the cross-sectional area; and such narrowing can optionally be conducted without significant changes in the height and width of the rib. The pleated medium of the present invention is further advantageous in that the tapered ribs allow high levels of use of the filter medium. By high utilization levels, it is meant that there is relatively little masking of the medium. As used in the present invention, masking refers to the area of proximity between adjacent and touching medium faces. Where adjacent upstream or downstream media faces touch, there is a lack of substantial pressure difference across the medium or there is significant resistance to the flow through the medium that is greater than could be seen if the blades were not in close proximity. In general, masking is carried out at the location in the medium where there is close proximity or contact with another medium blade on the flow connection surface. This close proximity can result in a decrease in pressure to drive flow through the medium at that location. As a result, the masked medium is not as useful for the filtration performance of the filter medium. The significant reduction in masking of the medium may represent a further improvement in the performance and design of the filter due to the fact that it increases the amount of medium available to filter the fluid.
Thus, it is desirable to reduce masking in order to increase the amount of filter medium available for filtration. The reduction in masking increases the dust storage capacity of the filter media pleat pack, increases the fluid yield through the filter media for a given pressure drop, and / or decreases the pressure drop of the pleat pack from the filter media to a general fluid flow rate date. The ribs in the pleated medium made in accordance with the teachings of the present invention allow a reduction in the masking of the medium. This reduction is accomplished by controlling the shape of the ribs, particularly having rib points that have reduced surface area in contact with the ribs in adjacent folds. The sharp rib tips can be created by having a sharp radius or a defined tip that reduces masking between the pleats. As will be described in the Detailed Description, in various embodiments of the invention the sharp rib tips are simultaneously formed together with the ridges along the rib, in order to increase the surface area of the medium, to create tapered ribs, and to the other control the performance of the filter medium.
Although the area of specific medium subjected to masking along a given rib can be relatively small, the total amount of medium masked by an entire filter element can be substantial. As such, even modest improvements in masking reduction can have significant value. It is possible to reduce the amount of masked medium in a filter element while simultaneously modifying the rib geometry to further increase the amount of effective medium present in the filter. By reducing masking, the performance and life of the filter element can be increased, or the size of the filter element can be reduced while maintaining the same performance or life of the filter. In general, increasing the filter element life or decreasing the initial filter pressure drop for a given filter element size or reducing the filter element size for a given filter element performance can be referred to as accentuation of the filter element. filter performance. The tapered ribs of the present invention can be constructed with reduced masking of the medium, even if the width, height or cross section of the ribs are varied along their length; and this ability to limit masking allows for increased filter performance as a result of maximizing the useful medium. The pleated medium produced in accordance with the invention is still advantageous in that the tapered ribs can be constructed so that there is little elongation in the medium during production, allowing relatively non-stretchable to be formed in the tapered ribs that run directionally from one face. from pleat to another pleat face of a pleated medium pack. The medium which has a high cellulose content is usually desirable due to its low cost and the present invention allows the incorporation of a high cellulose medium and the formation of suitable tapered ribs without unacceptable damage to the media. Similarly, the medium that has a high content of fiberglass can be used and formed in tapered ribs without unacceptable degradation of the medium.
In certain embodiments, the filter media pleat packs produced in accordance with the invention are constructed with ribs that have different rib shapes so that they have different open volumes on the upstream and downstream sides of the pleat pack, a property referred to in present invention as volumetric asymmetry of a pleat pack. This volumetric asymmetry of the fold pack can, in some modalities, promote the storage of contaminating material, improved flow and better filtration. Pleat pack volumetric asymmetry can be particularly useful for improving performance in filter configurations that have hollow pleat packs. The volumetric asymmetry of the pleat package is distinct from the narrowing of the ribs, but in combination the volumetric asymmetry and the narrowing can result in significant improvements in the performance and life of the pleat package. In fact, the narrowing of the ribs can be used to create or increase volumetric asymmetry. The present invention is also directed to packs of pleated filter media. The phrase "pleated filter media pack" refers to a media pack built or formed by folding, folding or otherwise forming the filter media in a three-dimensional network. A packet of pleated filter media can be referred to, more simply, as a packet of media. The pleated filter media packs can optionally be combined with other features found in the filter elements including a seal, a seal holder and pleat pack end encapsulation. In general, a pleated filter media package includes a filter medium that has a first set of pleated folds that forms a first face, a second set of pleated folds that forms a second face and the filter media that extends between the first set of pleats pleated folds and the second set of pleated folds in a back and forth arrangement.
Folds are typically formed across the machine's middle direction, but this is not a necessity. Folds can be formed at an angle that is different from an angle transverse to the machine direction. The first face is generally the entrance or exit of the pleated filter medium and the second face is the other side of the entrance or exit of the filter medium. For example, unfiltered fluid can enter the pleated filter medium package through the first face and the filtered fluid can leave the pleated filter medium package through the second face, or vice versa. The pleated medium produced in accordance with the invention can be assembled in numerous parts and configurations, including panel filters, cylindrical filters and conical filters. In panel filters, the pleated medium typically extends in a flat or panel configuration that has a first face of the pleated medium formed from a first set of pleated folds (also called pleat tips) and a second face from the pleated medium formed of a second set of pleated folds (also called pleat tips). The first and second faces formed by the pleated folds are generally parallel. Fluid flows in the panel filter through one side and out of the panel filter through the other side.
In cylindrical or tapered filters, the pleated medium is usually formed in a tube or cone (or a partial section of a tube or cone), with a first face of the pleated medium (formed by a first set of pleated folds) that creates a inner face and the second face of the pleated medium (formed by a second set of pleated folds) that forms an external face. In the case of cylindrical and conical filters for air filtration, air typically flows in the filter element from the outer face to the inner face (or vice versa in what are sometimes referred to as reverse flow filters). The above summary of the present invention is not intended to describe each disclosed embodiment of the present invention. That is the purpose of the detailed description and claims that follow.
Brief Description of the Drawings The invention can be more fully understood in view of the following detailed description of various embodiments of the invention in connection with the attached drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a filter element according to the principles of the invention. Figure 2A is a front view of the filter element of Figure 1. Figure 2B is an approximate front view of the filter element of Figure 1. Figure 3A is a rear view of the filter element of Figure 1. Figure 3B is an approximate rear view of the filter element of Figure 1. Figure 4 is a side view of the filter element of Figure 1, showing a series of planes that divide the filter element into cross sections shown in Figure 5A to 5C. Figure 5A is an approximate cross section of the filter element of the filter element of Figure 1, the cross section taken along the plane AA 'of Figure 5. Figure 5B is an approximate cross section of the filter medium of the filter element of Figure 1, the cross section taken along the BB 'plane of Figure 5. Figure 5C is an approximate cross section of the filter medium of the filter element of Figure 1, the cross section taken along the CC' plane of Figure 5. A Figure 6 is an approximate perspective view of a part of a filter medium blade taken from the filter element of Figure 1. Figure 7 is an approximate perspective view of an individual rib taken from the filter element of Figure 1. Figure 8A is a cross-sectional view of a slide of the filter medium shown in Figure 7, the cross-section taken along lines AA 'of Figure 7. Figure 8B is a cross-sectional view of a medium blade filter shown in Figure 7, the cross section taken along lines BB 'in Figure 7. Figure 8C is a cross-sectional view of a blade of filter medium shown in Figure 7, the cross section taken along lines CC' of Figure 7. Figure 8D is a cross-sectional view of a filter media slide shown in Figure 7, the cross section taken along the lines DD 'of Figure 7.
Figures 9A to 9C are enlarged, schematic cross-sectional views of filter media in accordance with the principles of the invention. Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of pleated media constructed in accordance with an implementation of the invention. Figure 11A is an enlarged, schematic, cross-sectional view of a part of a filter medium package according to the principles of the invention. Figure 11B is an enlarged, schematic, cross-sectional view of a part of a filter medium package according to the principles of the invention. Figure 12 is a perspective end view of a portion of a pleated filter media package according to the principles of the invention. Figure 13 is an enlarged partial perspective view of part of a filter medium package produced in accordance with an implantation of the invention. Figure 14 is an enlarged partial perspective view of a sheet of pleated filter media produced in accordance with an implantation of the invention. Figure 15 is a partial top plan view of a continuous blade of filter medium formed with raised ribs. Figure 16 is a partial top plan view of a continuous blade of filter medium formed with raised ribs. Figure 17 is an enlarged cross-sectional image of a rib according to the principles of the invention, showing a method for measuring the effective internal radius of a rib. Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for forming pleated medium in accordance with an implementation of the invention. Figure 19A is an upper schematic diagram of the filter media blade that is transformed from a flat continuous blade to a pleated and ribbed medium. Figure 19B is a schematic side diagram of the filter medium blade of Figure 19A which is transformed from a flat continuous blade into a pleated and ribbed medium. Figure 20 is a side perspective view of a bundling mechanism produced in accordance with an implementation of the invention, the bundling mechanism is configured to gather means in the direction of the transverse mesh for subsequent rib formation. Figure 21 is a side perspective view of a grouping mechanism and forming rollers produced in accordance with an implementation of the invention, the grouping mechanism is configured to gather the means in the direction of the transverse mesh for subsequent rib formation. Figure 22 is a side perspective view of forming rollers produced in accordance with an implementation of the invention, the forming rollers are configured to create ribs in the filter medium. Figure 23 is a side perspective view of alternative forming rollers produced in accordance with an implementation of the invention, the forming rollers are configured to create ribs in the filter medium. Figure 24 is an explored perspective view of a forming roller produced in accordance with an implementation of the invention, the forming roller is configured to create ribs in the filter medium. Figure 25 is a cross section of a forming roller produced in accordance with an implantation of the invention, the forming roller is configured to create ribs in the filter medium. Figure 26 is a perspective view of a segment of a forming roller represented in Figure 25. Figure 27A to 270 are cross-sectional diagrams that demonstrate various spacing of the mark bars on a segmented calender roller, the mark bars are configured to form appropriate pleated folds in the continuous medium. Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for forming pleated medium in accordance with an implementation of the invention. Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for forming pleated medium in accordance with an implementation of the invention. Figure 30 is a perspective view of a part of a cylindrical filter medium package according to the principles of the invention. Figure 31 is a perspective view of a part of the cylindrical filter medium package of Figure 30 and showing the flow from the outside into the fluid through the filter medium package. Figure 32 is a side elevation view of a cylindrical filter element from a separate part. Figure 33 is a perspective view of the cylindrical filter element of Figure 32. Figure 34 is a schematic side elevation view of a type of conical filter element.
These drawings must be considered as being general representations of the invention and it must be realized that they are not designed to encompass all the modalities of the invention, nor are they always drawn to scale. It should be understood that the medium produced in accordance with the invention will generally exhibit variation.
Although the invention is susceptible to several modifications and alternative forms, their specifications have been shown by way of example and drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the invention must cover modifications, equivalents and alternatives that are within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Detailed Description The present invention is directed to a pleated filter medium and to pliers of filter medium containing ribs that extend directionally between the pleated folds, as well as to methods and equipment for producing the pleated filter medium and pleats of medium pleat. . Ribs are three-dimensional structures formed in the filter medium, which provide advantageous flow paths along the pleated surfaces, provide advantageous flow of fluids through the medium and provide effective removal of contaminants.
At least some of the ribs in the middle and pleat packs have a tapered geometry. The narrowing is typically manifested by a change in the width, height and / or cross-sectional area of a rib along at least part of its length. Although the cross-sectional area of specific ribs can vary from one end of a rib to the other, it is not necessary that the width of the rib or the height of the rib also narrow. In fact, in some deployments the width, height or both are constant or substantially constant over the length of the rib, while the cross-sectional area of the rib changes. In other deployments, the height and width of the ribs change along their length.
Changes in width, height and / or cross-sectional area are usually gradual along the length of the ribs, but in some deployments the changes may be stepwise or otherwise non-gradual. In many deployments, the tapered ribs exhibit substantially uniform narrowing along all or most of the rib length. However, in some implantations it is possible to have the narrowing varying along the rib length, so that the narrowing is not uniform. In some deployments, it is possible that only parts of one or more ribs exhibit narrowing, while other parts of one or more ribs are substantially straight. In general, the tapered ribs do not become wider and then narrower along their length. In other words, typically a rib that is narrowed downwardly in the cross-sectional area will not switch to upwardly narrowed in the cross-sectional area; and a rib that is narrowed upwards in the cross-sectional area will not narrow downwardly in the cross-sectional area. However, in some deployments, a discontinuous narrowing may occur, such as a rib that narrows downwardly in the cross-sectional area for part of its length, followed by upwardly narrowing in the cross-sectional area, followed by narrowing of descending mode again in the cross-sectional area. In some such deployments, the cross-sectional areas at the beginning and end of the rib do not change, but the narrowing of the cross-sectional area occurs along the parts of the rib. The use of tapered ribs in the pleated medium can have significant benefits with respect to filtering performance. For example, tapered ribs may allow the use of deeper pleat packs while offering benefits in the flow of fluid through the medium. Such benefits can be realized by having ribs with relatively large cross-sectional areas on the upstream side of the media pack close to the front face (where fluids enter the media pack), along with opposite ribs on the downstream side of the media pack. medium close to the posterior face (where the fluids leave the medium pack) which also have relatively large cross-sectional areas. This change in upstream and downstream rib cross-section areas decreases pleat bundle area contraction inlet losses associated with the flow entering the pleat pack and associated pleat pack area expansion pressure losses flow out of the pleat pack. Flow uniformity can be used to beneficially decrease pressure losses of the medium and / or channel as the flow moves along the ribs and through the medium formed by tapered ribs. A more uniform flow through the medium in the ribs can provide more uniform dust loading within the ribs. The tapered ribs can then be used to reduce the initial pressure drop of the pleat pack. By reducing the initial pressure drop and affecting the flow distribution through the medium along the ribs, the tapered ribs can be used to increase the filter dust capacity (filter life). By reducing pressure losses and increasing flow uniformity, the tapered ribs are also particularly well suited to the medium that will be cleaned by pulsation by reversing the flow of fluid through the filter element. Pleated media with tapered ribs can also be useful for many other filtration applications. The pleated filter media package can be used to filter a fluid that can be a gaseous or liquid substance. An exemplary gaseous substance that can be filtered using the filter medium is air and the exemplary liquid substances that can be filtered using the filter medium include water, oil, fuel and hydraulic fluid. The filter media pack can be used to separate or remove at least a portion of a component from a fluid to be filtered. The component can be a contaminant or other targeted material for removal or separation. Exemplary contaminants and materials targeted for removal include those characterized as solids, liquids, gases or combinations thereof. Contaminants or materials targeted for removal may include particulates, non-particulates or a mixture thereof. Materials targeted for removal may include chemical species that can be captured in the environment. The reference to the removal of components and contaminants should be understood as referring to complete removal or separation or partial removal or separation.
Referring now to the figures, several exemplary embodiments of the invention will be illustrated. Figures 1 to 6 show an example filter element constructed in accordance with the invention. Although the example ribs on opposite pleat faces in this example filter element are shown to substantially touch each other along the entire length of the rib, it should be extended that the ribs of this invention may not touch each other along its length or they can touch only occasionally along its length. Figure 1 shows a filter element 100 from a front perspective view. The filter element 100 includes a frame 102 surrounding the pleated filter means 110. The front face 108 of the filter means 110 is shown in Figure 1 and the filter means 110 has a corresponding back face 109 shown in Figure 3. In addition , the frame has a right side 104, a left side 105, a top 106 and a bottom 107. Figure 2A shows a schematic front view of the filter element 100 shown in Figure 1, with Figure 2B showing a simplified close view of the front face of the pleated filter means 110. The close view of the pleated filter means 110 represents an end view of the pleats 120, including the tips 122 of numerous pleats, together with a space 124 between each pleat. It should be understood that the approximate view of the pleated medium remains substantially schematic in the presentation and, therefore, is not intended to be a detailed representation of the current medium. The front face 108 of the filter means 110 is typically the "upstream" side of the filter element 100, and the rear face 109 (shown in Figure 3A and 3B) is the "downstream" side of the filter element 100. Thus, in a typical embodiment, the flow of fluids through the filter element 100 is from the front face 108, into the filter element, and is out through the rear face 109 (while passing through the filter means 110) . The rear face 109 shown in Figure 3B represents a simplified schematic view of the surface of the pleat package, including a plurality of pleats 121 with pleat tips 123 and spaces 125 between pleats 121. Reference is now made to Figures 4, 5A, 5B , and 5C, which show more details of an example of pleated medium having tapered ribs produced in accordance with the teachings of the invention. Figure 4 shows the right side panel 104 of the filter element 100 shown in Figure 1. The plane sections A-A ', B-B', and C-C 'are shown in Figures 5A to 5C. The plane A-A 'corresponds to a cross section of the element 100 taken close to the front face 108 of the element 100; plane B-B 'corresponds to a cross section of the element 100 taken close to the center of the element 100, approximately halfway between the front face 108 and the rear face 109; the CC 'plane corresponds to a cross section of the element 100 taken close to the rear face 109 of the element 100. Although, the sections AA' and BB 'can be taken very close to the adjacent front face 108 and rear face 109, typically there will be at least modest deformation of the ribs at the place where the fold is made. Thus, Figures 5A to 5 C represent cross sections that are close to the pleated folds, but not necessarily immediately close to the pleated folds. Figure 5A shows an approximation of the medium 110 obtained along the plane A-A '. The ribs that are considered to be upstream in the medium package are identified with the title "inside" (due to the fact that fluids are flowing into the fold package in these ribs), while the ribs that are projected downstream into the middle pack are identified with the title "out" (due to the fact that fluids are flowing out of the pleat pack at these ribs). Figure 5A shows upstream ribs 210 surrounded by adjacent downstream ribs 220. A fluid that enters a pleat package through an upstream rib 210 has the ability to flow along the rib, but eventually passes through the filter 110 and then out of the crease via a downstream rib 220 (with the exception of small amounts of fluid passing through the current crease fold).
It should be noted in Figure 5A that the upstream ribs 210 have a significantly larger cross-sectional area than the downstream ribs 220 (at location A-A 'of Figure 4). It should also be noted in Figure 5 A that there is relatively little masking between adjacent layers of the filter medium 110. As the ribs extend deeper into the filter element, the upstream ribs 210 start to shrink, or narrow downwardly, in the cross-sectional area while the downstream ribs 220 begin to increase, or narrow upwardly, in the cross-sectional area. Through the center of the filter element, shown in Figure 5B, the downstream ribs 220 are substantially equal in cross-sectional area to the upstream ribs 210. The narrowing continues until the cross section shown in Figure 5C, where the upstream ribs 210 have a cross-sectional area significantly smaller than the downstream ribs 220. It is noteworthy that this significant amount of narrowing was performed in the modality represented without any increase in masking along the length of the rib, and while maintaining the height and width of the ribs and that the ribs upstream and downstream each have substantially the same perimeter length of the medium that forms each rib. In this example, only the cross-sectional areas of each rib change along the length of the rib. As will be described below, the alternative modalities can change the height and width of the rib. Thus, Figures 5A to 5C show a useful modality of tapered ribs constructed in the pleated environment, but alternatives are possible as long as they remain within the scope of the invention.
It should also be noted, from Figures 5A to 5C that the tapered rib configuration is performed with relatively small masking of the medium between adjacent ribs and without any change in the surface area available for filtration. In other words, the narrowing of the ribs occurs without changes in the amount of medium exposed in any of the ribs upstream or downstream. The arrangement of the tapered ribs in Figures 5A to 5C shows an implantation in which the side upstream of the medium close to the front face has large open ribs and the side downstream of the medium close to the rear face also has large open ribs. The result is a setting that allows for improved filter performance in many circumstances, such as relatively deep pleated filter elements, including those that are more than 5 cm (2 inches) deep, more than 15 cm (6 inches) deep. depth) and particularly more than 25 cm (10 inches) in depth. Figure 6 shows a section of a filter media blade 250 that will produce rib geometries consistent with the ribs shown in Figures 5A to 5C. The section of a medium blade 250 reveals how the tapered rib changes from relatively large upstream ribs 252 to relatively large downstream ribs 254. In this view, which is drawn as a perspective view and not to scale, the numbers Xo and X-ι are used to represent the width of the pleated medium (or at least the represented section, which is 4 ribs wide). In general, the pleated medium is formed so that Xo and Xí are equal, which allows the medium to be easily created having perpendicular sides. However, it should be understood that in some deployments Xo can be either greater or less than X ^ In such configurations, the difference in Xo and Xi can be manifested in having pleat packs in which the dimensions of the front face of the pleat pack are different from the dimensions of the rear face of the pleat pack. Although such variations are not suitable for all applications, the ability to change the geometry of the pleat package is advantageous for some deployments.
Of additional significance is the fact that tapered transitions evident in Figure 6 from cross-sectional areas from large to small rib (and rib areas from small to large rib) can be created without significant elongation in the middle blade. 250. In particular, ribs can be created without excess stretching of the medium due to the fact that the length of the medium forming the ribs, when measured from side 256 to 258, is generally equal along the fold surfaces of a front face from the pleat pack to a rear face of the pleat pack (for example, the lengths are substantially the same as measured in sections A-A ', BB' and CC 'as shown in Figure 4). Thus, tracing the distance along the front edge 257 of the middle can equal or almost equal the distance traced along the rear edge 259 in certain embodiments. Thus, excess stretching of the medium does not typically occur in the formation of rib geometries - a characteristic that can be very important for the production of pleated medium using high-cellulose filter medium and glass fiber filter medium , as well as another medium that does not stretch easily without degradation. In example deployments, the amount of stretching of the medium in the transverse mesh direction is less than 10%, usually less than 7.5% and desirably less than 5%.
An additional aspect of the pleated medium produced in accordance with an implant of the invention is disclosed by reference to Figure 7, together with the cross sections shown in Figure 8A, 8B, 8C, and 8D. The rib 252 is shown to be narrowing from a front face with a large upstream opening to the rear face with a smaller upstream opening. The way in which this narrowing occurs is evident from an analysis of the cross sections taken along the plane A-A '; plan B-B '; plane C-C '; and D-D 'plan; corresponding to Figures 8A, 8B, 8C, and 8D respectively. In Figure 8A, the volume under the middle 255 is accentuated by having a ridge 270 which causes the middle to extend outwardly from the inside of the rib 252. Additionally, the rib 252 includes peaks 260 that project upwards slightly from the adjacent medium (in order to reduce masking). Although this projection upward from peak 260 is relatively subtle and can be difficult to observe visually, it helps to reduce the masking of the medium.
As the rib 252 progresses downward, in the cross-section B-B 'shown in Figure 8B, peak 260 has become more defined. Additionally, the single crest 270 on each side of peak 260 in Figure 8A has diverged into two ridges 270 on each side of peak 260. The two ridges help to modify the rib shape so that the cross-sectional area of rib 252 is beginning to show a decrease from that shown in Figure 8A. This change continues through the cross section CC 'in Figure 8C, where peak 260 remains, but the two ridges 270 on each side of peak 260 have moved further from peak 260, thus further decreasing the cross sectional area of rib 252. Finally, at the far end of rib 252, taken along the cross-section D-D ', the cross-sectional area of the rib is even less, with peak 260 being very well defined, but with only an evident ridge 270 , due to the second ridge that joins at the edge 257 of the rib 252 (which also corresponds to a peak of an adjacent rib). The rib geometry shown in Figures 7 and 8A to 8D describes an example embodiment that demonstrates how tapered ribs can be created, but are not intended to represent the exclusive way in which such ribs can be formed.
Rib Features and Pleated Media Features An explanation of the tapered rib features produced in accordance with the invention will now be made, including the presence of rib ridges, rib width and height, rib length of ribs, percent of medium string , asymmetry of medium volume, rib density, peak rib radius and rib orientation.
Rib ridges Referring now to Figures 9A to 9C, cross-sectional views of several pleated media blades suitable for the construction of tapered ribs are shown. It should be noted that Figures 9A to C are not intended to be scale drawings of all acceptable rib geometries, but instead merely show example plantings.
In Figure 9A, a pleated medium blade segment 300 is shown with ribs 310. In addition, the middle blade 300 also forms a rib 312 between the ribs 310. Although not shown in Figure 9A, the medium 310 would typically extend with numerous additional ribs and additional media slides would be present in a media package, as shown in Figures 5A to 5C. The pleated medium blade 300 reveals a number of features that provide superior filtration performance. A feature of the ribs 310 in the middle blade 300 is that the highest extension at peaks 301 and 303 has a sharp point or point, rather than simply a curved surface. A sharp point or point can be approached by a rib point model that consists of a relatively small radius. Sharp points can be useful due to the fact that large radii result in increased masking of the medium when adjacent ribs of opposite pleat faces touch. The ribs 310 still have peaks 302 and 304. Peaks 302, 304 on the middle blade 310 are more curved than peaks 301 and 303. However, in other deployments, peaks 302 and 304 can be constructed so that they are also relatively sharp. The rib peaks 301 and 303 can be referred to as first adjacent side peaks and peaks 302 and 304 can be referred to as second adjacent side peaks. The characterization of certain peaks as first lateral peaks and others as second lateral peaks is arbitrary and can be reversed, if desired.
The ribs 310 have a series of ridges 308 that assist in defining the interior volume and shape of the ribs 310. The ridges can be created in the medium as a result of deformation of the medium at that location. The medium can be deformed on the crest as a result of applying pressure to the medium. Changing the location of ridges 308 can significantly impact the narrowing of ribs 310 while simultaneously changing the narrowing of opposite ribs 312. Thus, for example, the movement of the ridges 308 towards the lower pleat peak 304 may result in an increase in the cross-sectional area of the rib 312 while decreasing the cross-sectional area of the rib 310. In some such deployments, the ratio between relative the width and height of the ribs can change, while in other deployments this ratio remains substantially constant. Pleated means 300 is shown having two ridges 308 for each rib 310. The ridges 308 extend over at least a portion of the length of the rib. In some embodiments, each crest 308 can be characterized as a general area in which a relatively flatter part of the pleated medium 308a joins a relatively more steep part of the pleated medium 308b. The use of the term "crest" is intended to characterize a part of the medium that is not considered a peak. That is, the ridges can be supplied between peaks and the ridges can be considered non-peaks. A ridge can be considered a line of intersection between differently inclined parts of medium.
In some deployments, the appearance of the crest will be somewhat obscured by irregularities in the medium itself. The characterization of a ridge should not be confused with the peak of the rib. The characterization of a flatter portion generally 308a and a steeper portion generally 308b serves as a way of characterizing the presence of a ridge 308. In general, the flatter portion 308a and the steeper portion 308b may exhibit some curve. That is, the flatter portion 308a and the steeper portion 308b are expected to not be completely flat, particularly as fluids such as the flow of liquid or air through the medium during filtration. More specifically, a ridge can be a transition region between portions of differently inclined medium substantially within the profile of a ribbed medium section. The ridges identify discontinuities in the middle curvature, such as a fold or curve (see, for example, 308 in Figure 9A). The transition can be relatively abrupt. Under normal use, the ridges do not make contact with the ridges of other adjacent folds. The ridges promote the efficiency of fluid flow and filtration through the media packages, allowing the customization and optimization of the cross-sectional area of the ribs, increases the amount of medium within a specific volume and helps to reduce the masking between the ribs on opposite medium surfaces.
Appropriate ridges are particularly useful for narrowing the rib cross-sectional area without changing the height or width of the rib and without requiring significant stretching of the medium. Also, the ridges can allow tapered changes in the cross-sectional area without changes in the total surface area of the rib.
For the exemplary ribbed blade 300, the relatively flatter portion of the ribbed medium 308a can be seen in Figure 9A as the portion of the ribbed medium that extends between peak 301 and crest 308. The relatively steeper portion of the middle ribbed 308b can be characterized as that portion of the medium extending from peak 302 to ridge 308. The presence of the middle ridges shown in Figure 9A helps to establish reduced masking at adjacent peaks 301 and 302. The presence of the ridges 308 helps to increase the amount of medium present between adjacent peaks (for example, peaks 301 and 302; or 301 and 304) and helps to sharpen the peaks.
It will also be noted that the tapered ribs produced with the use of ridges typically also have tapered ridges, such as ridges that converge towards one another, diverge from one another or converge under a peak of rib. Such convergence is apparent, for example, in Figures 7 and 8A to 8D, discussed above.
A ridge can be formed as a result of nailing, arching, bending, minting or otherwise manipulating the medium along a length of the ribbed blade during the formation of the ribbed medium. It may be desirable, but it is not always necessary, during the step of forming the ribbed medium, to take measures to define the ridge. Defining the ridge means removing residual stress within the medium in the ridge so that the medium tends to remain in the formed shape. For example, the crest can be defined by heat treatment or moisture treatment or a combination thereof. In addition, the ridge can exist as a result of nailing, arching or bending without an additional step of defining the ridge. The presence of a ridge can be detected by visual observation. While the presence of the ridge may not be particularly apparent from viewing the end of a rib due to the darkening of the rib in the pleated fold, you can cut the filter element and see the presence of a ridge that extends along the length of a rib. Furthermore, the presence of a ridge can be established (in some deployments) by a technique in which the filter element is loaded with dust and the ribbed blade is detached to reveal a dust cake that has a ridge that corresponds to the ridge in the middle ribbed. The intersection of the two portions of the dust surface cake forms an impression of the crest, revealed as a discontinuity in the curvature of the medium. In an exemplary implantation, the dust that can be used to load the medium to fill the ribs to provide a dust cake within the ribs can be characterized as ISO Fine test dust. The impregnation of a clean filter element with a resin (such as epoxy) that is allowed to harden and then the color: and in segments is an effective technique for identifying the internal geometry of a tapered rib made in accordance with invention. The ridges, even the most subtle ones, can be identified using this technique.
Although the ridges are very useful, it is also possible to have suitable tapered ribs with significantly less ridges, less extensive ridges or no ridges at all. In some deployments less than 25% of the ribs in the pleated filter media package have at least one crest between adjacent rib peaks. Alternatively, in some deployments less than 50% of the ribs in the pleated filter media package comprise at least one crest between the adjacent rib peaks. It will be understood that in some deployments less than 75% of the ribs in the pleated filter media package comprise at least one crest between the adjacent rib peaks.
It should be understood that the characterization of the presence of a ridge means that the ridge is present along a length of the rib, but not necessarily along the entire length of the rib. In general, the ridge can be provided along the rib for a length sufficient to provide the resulting medium with the desired performance, particularly in a tapered shape. While the ridge may extend over the entire length of the rib, it is possible that the ridge will not extend over the entire length of the rib (100% of the rib length) as a result of, for example, influences on the ends of the rib such as folding or folding.
Preferably, the ridge extends at least 10% of the rib length, more typically 25% of the rib length. For example, the ridge can extend to at least 30% of the rib length, at least 40% of the rib length, at least 50% of the rib length, at least 60% of the rib length or at least 80 % of rib length. Such ridges can extend in a continuous and discontinuous way along the length of the ribs. Also, the ridges can be evenly distributed along the ribs or they can be positioned non-uniformly along the length of the ribs. For example, in certain embodiments it may be desirable to have the ribs distributed in such a way that they have more or less ridges near or to the face upstream or downstream of a medium pack. In addition, the position of the ridge in the rib can be changed to modify the narrowing.
For example, in some deployments at least 25% of the ribs in the pleated filter media package have at least one crest between the adjacent rib peaks, the crest extending over at least 25% of the rib length between the first set of pleated folds and the second set of pleated folds. Alternatively, in some deployments at least 25% of the ribs in the pleated filter media package comprise at least one crest between the adjacent rib peaks, the crest extending over at least 50% of the rib length between the first set of pleated folds and the second set of pleated folds. It will be understood that in some deployments at least 50% of the ribs in the pleated filter media package comprise at least one crest between the adjacent rib peaks, the crest extending over at least 50% of the rib length between the first set of pleated folds and the second set of pleated folds.
Alternative designs are also contemplated and are within the scope of the present invention. For example, in some deployments at least 25% of the ribs in the pleated filter media package have at least one crest between the adjacent rib peaks that extend along at least 10% of the rib length between the first set of pleated folds. and the second set of pleated folds. In some deployments at least 50% of the ribs in the pleated filter media package have at least one crest located between the adjacent rib peaks and extending along at least 10% of the rib length between the first set of pleated folds and the second set of pleated folds. In some deployments at least 10% of the ribs in the pleated filter media package contain at least one crest between the adjacent rib peaks and extending along at least 10% of the rib length between the first set of pleated folds and the second set of pleated folds.
An advantage of the present invention is that the rib geometries, typically including rib height, rib width, sharp rib peaks and optionally one or more ridges along the ribs, allow larger amounts of the total medium surface area to be included in pleated packs of filter medium, for improved use of that medium with narrowing and minimal masking of the medium without excessive stretching of the medium. This provides the ability to increase filter performance without increasing the size of the filter element. There is no requirement, however, that a ridge or two ridges be present between each adjacent peak or that there is a repetition pattern. In some deployments, at least 25% of the ribs exhibit at least one crest between adjacent peaks in order to achieve the benefits of a crest presence. Even more preferably, at least 50% of the ribs and more preferably 100% of the ribs exhibit at least one crest between each adjacent peak of the rib.
Medium Length, Height and Rib Width In addition to the characterization of the ribs 310 by the presence of a rib peak 301, 303 and a ridge 308, it is possible to characterize the ribs in relation to the width, height and length of the medium. In rib 310 of Figure 9A, rib width D1 is measured from the center point of peak 302 to the center point of peak 304. Alternatively, rib width D1 can be measured from the center point of peak 301 to the center point of peak 303. With repeated regular rib geometries, these two D1 measurements will be the same. The absolute size of D1 will vary depending on the application. Generally, however, D1 can increase or decrease for various applications. For example, on a large diesel engine, the D1 may have typical measurements of up to 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) or larger, with common ranges from 0.25 to 0.76 cm (0.1 to 0, 3 inch). In a fuel filter for a small gasoline engine, the D1 will have typical measurements from 0.025 cm to 0.076 cm (0.010 inch to 0.030 inch). In a filter for a large gas turbine, the D1 can typically be from 0.25 cm to 3.81 cm (0.1 inch to 1.5 inches). These rib widths are mere examples and it will be understood that the D1 can be variable depending on the application. Also, it will be understood that D1 can vary over the length of a rib in some implementations of the invention.
Yet another important dimension of the tapered ribs of the invention is the distance J, which is the rib height, measured from the rib peak 303 perpendicular to the plane formed by the opposite peaks 302, 304. The distance J will also vary depending on the application cation. Generally, however, J can increase or decrease for various applications. For example, in a large diesel engine, J can have the typical dimensions of 0.076 cm to 0.20 cm (0.03 inch to 0.08 inch). In a fuel filter for a small gasoline engine, J can have the typical dimensions of 0.076 cm to 0.20 cm (0.03 inch to 0.08 inch). In a filter for a large gas turbine, J can typically be from 0.025 cm to 0.76 cm (0.010 inch to 0.300 inch). In exemplary gas turbine deployments, J is, for example, less than 1.25 cm (0.5 inch). These rib heights are mere examples and it will be understood that J can be variable depending on the application. Also, it will be understood that J can vary over the length of a rib in some implementations of the invention. The ratio of the rib width to height is also adjusted in some implementations of the invention. The ratio of rib width to height is the ratio of rib width D1 to rib height J. The ratio of rib width to height can be expressed by the following formula: ratio of rib width to height = D1 / J
The measured distances such as rib width D1 and rib height J can be characterized as average values for the filter medium. Such measurements can be made along the rib length excluding a certain amount (such as 20%) of the rib length at each end (due to distortions in the ribs as a result of forming the pleated folds). In this way, the distances D1 and J can be measured away from the ends of the ribs because the ends of the ribs are typically deformed as a result of pleating. The ratio of rib width to height can vary or remain over the length of the rib. An advantage of providing a tapered rib in which the rib height or rib width varies over the rib length is the ability to reduce potential contacts between surfaces of adjacent medium and thereby reduce masking.
Generally, the appropriate D1 / J ratios will be less than 10, more typically less than 8 and often less than 6. If D1 / J becomes too high, then the flow through the ribs can become very restricted because the ribs are too short, despite being quite wide. Also, significant structural deformation of the rib under pressure loads becomes more likely, which can result in the collapse of ribs downstream. Suitable D1 / J ratios include greater than 1, more often greater than 1.5 and usually greater than 2. In most deployments the width-to-height ratio is at least about 2.0, generally at least 2.1 , more typically at least 2.2, often at least 2.3, optionally at least 2.5 and optionally at least 3.0.
Other suitable D1 / J ratios include, in exemplary deployments, greater than 4, greater than 6 or greater than 8. Thus, suitable ranges include, but are not limited to, D1 / J ratios from 2 to 10, 4 to 8 and 5 to 7. However, in some deployments, ribs with extremely low D1 / J ratios can be used (although such ribs are generally more difficult to manufacture). For example, the ratios of D1 / J and less than 1.0, less than 0.75, and less than 0.50 are possible. In some deployments, ribs that contain very high or very low D1 / J values perform better than ribs that contain values close to D1 / J from 0.5 to 2.0. Suitable ranges for such ratios for D1 / J include 2 to 8 and 0.075 to 0.500.
An additional dimension to characterize the geometries of a rib is the dimension D2, which corresponds to the length of the medium along the perimeter of a rib at any given location along the rib. D2 is greater than D1 with the ribbed medium. The length D2 is defined as the length of the ribbed blade 300 for a period of the ribbed blade 300. In the case of the ribbed blade 300, the distance D2 is the length of the ribbed blade from peak 302 to peak 304. This distance includes two 308 ridges. By providing one or more ridges between adjacent peaks of the ribbed medium, the distance D2 can be increased from the prior art medium, resulting in the medium increased by a given volume. As a result of the presence of a ridge or a plurality of ridges, it is possible to provide the filter medium that has more medium available for filtration compared to, for example, the pleated medium that does not have the ridges. This is particularly available when combined with sharp rib spikes to reduce masking. This increase in the medium can be achieved with little or no increase in masking or even a decrease in masking. D2 is an especially useful parameter in the design and manufacture of tapered ribs. If the values of D2 in different sections along the length of a pleat vary by an amount greater than the stress limit of the medium, then rupture of the medium can occur. Therefore, variations in D2 along the pleated face must be controlled to keep variations within the medium's stress limit.
An additional aspect of the rib geometry of importance is the relative values of the rib width (D1) and the length of the medium along the rib (D2). The D2 / D1 value is also useful in describing the pleated medium. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the ribs extending from the first set of pleated folds to the second set of pleated folds comprises a D2 / D1 value that is greater than 1.0, often at least 1.05 and often at least 1.1. In some deployments D2 / D1 is at least 1.15 and in other deployments at least 1.20. A higher D2 / D1 value indicates increases in the amount of medium supplied over a given rib width and can also result in an increase in the rib height J. In some deployments, D2 / D1 is greater than 1.30, 1.40 or 1.50. Typical ranges for D2 / D1 include, for example, 1.05 to 2.0; from 1.10 to 1.75; and from 1.20 to 1.50.
Another similar property for the ratio of rib width to height that can provide a significant way to understand the ribs is the "ratio between height and width of the open channel." In general, the ratio between height and width of open channel can be determined according to the formula: ratio between height and width of open channel = D1 / C
In this formula, C is the open channel rib height which is the rib height (J) minus the thickness of the medium (T) (See Figure 9A). In order to improve the performance of the medium, it is generally desirable to provide an open channel height-to-width ratio greater than about 2.25, greater than about 2.5, greater than about 2.75 or greater than about 3. The height to width open channel ratio is preferably less than about 10, less than about 9.5, less than about 9, less than about 8.5, less than about 8, less than about 7.5 or less than 6. In exemplary deployments, the height to open channel width ratio is 2 to 7, 3 to 6 or 4 to 5.
Bead Length, Percentage if Bead if Medium and Density of Medium While reducing masking is desirable, in order to improve the performance of filter media, another technique for improving the performance of filter media is to increase the amount of media area available for filtration in a given volume. The media configurations shown in Figures 9A to 9C show techniques to improve the amount of surface area of media present in a given volume. The bead percentage of medium can help to measure how a rib configuration, including a tapered rib, can provide a filter medium package with improved media surface area at a given volume.
Another aspect of some deployments of the invention involves the bead length (CL) of the medium to determine the percentage of bead in the medium. Bead length refers to the straight line distance from the center point of a peak to the center point of an adjacent peak (see, for example, adjacent peaks 301, 302 in Figure 9A). In order to minimize the effect of the thickness of the medium, the measurement for the bead length is determined from a central point within the medium. The bead percentage of the medium requires a bead length measurement (CL). The relationship between the cord length CL and the length of the medium D2 can be characterized as a percentage of medium cord. The percentage of medium bead can be determined according to the following formula: ((½ D2) ~ CL ·} x 100 percentage of medium bead =% —-—------------ Providing if a single ridge or multiple ridges between adjacent peaks of the ribbed medium, the distance D2 can be increased from the prior art medium. As a result of the presence of a ridge or a plurality of ridges, it is possible to provide the filter medium that has more medium available for filtration compared to, for example, the pleated medium that does not have the ridges.The measurement of the percentage of medium bead can be used to characterize the amount of medium supplied between adjacent peaks. Measurement of the percentage of medium cord can be used to characterize the amount of medium supplied between the adjacent peaks.In exemplary modalities, the percentage of medium cord is greater than 1%, alternatively greater than 2%, 3%, 4% or 5%. In some i In deployments, the percentage of medium cord is greater than 7.5% or greater than 10%. The appropriate ranges for the percentage of half-bead include, for example, 0.1% to 15%, 0.5% to 10% and 1% to 5%. The percentage of middle cord will not always be the same over the entire length of a rib, so in some deployments of the invention, at least 25% of the ribs exhibit a percentage of middle cord of at least 1% over 50% of the rib length. In alternative deployments, at least 25% of the ribs exhibit at least a 2%, 3%, 4% or 5% bead percentage over 50% of the rib length. The existence of the increased filter medium between the adjacent peaks as a result of providing one or more ridges between the adjacent peaks can be characterized by the percentage of medium strand. For the ribs made in accordance with the present invention, the percentage of medium strand can be greater than about 1%, greater than about 1.5% and greater than about 2%. In some deployments, the percentage of medium cord is greater than 3% and, optionally, greater than 4%. The bead percentage of medium can exceed 5% in some deployments. The bead percentage of the medium is generally less than about 25%, more typically less than about 20%. It is also desirable to have a relatively large amount of the medium in a filter element, as long as there is no excessive masking of the medium and that fluid flow through the medium is not compromised. In this respect, an increase in the length of the medium in relation to the rib width (D2 / D1), while the height J remains unchanged, reflects an increase in the medium within a given volume. In this way, a measurement of the density of the medium inside a pleated filter is the measure of the quantity of the medium in relation to the volume. This can be calculated using the formula: Generally, the density of the medium as an indicator of filter performance is optimized by characterizing the pleated medium in terms of the medium density in addition to other parameters. The rib section shown in Figure 9A is an example of a rib constructed in accordance with the invention. An alternative rib construction is shown in Figure 9B, showing ribbed medium 320 including rib 330 with four ridges 328 and 329 between adjacent peaks 324 and 326. Thus, a single middle period length includes four ridges in the depicted mode . It should be understood that ridges 328 and 329 are distinct from peaks 324, 325, and 326. Medium 320 can be provided so that there are two ridges 328 and 329 between adjacent peaks (for example, peaks 325 and 326) . Alternatively, there may be three or more ridges. Rib 330 is similar to the ribs shown in Figures 5A, 5B, and 5C. The narrowing of rib 330 can be achieved by changing the positions of ridges 328, 329 along the length of rib 330. This way, if ridges 328, and 329 are moved slowly downward (away from peak 325 and towards to the plane created by peaks 324 and 326), then the cross-sectional area of rib 330 will gradually decrease, while the cross-sectional area of adjacent rib 332 (defined by the middle between peaks 325 and 327) increases. In this way, rib 330 can be a preferred “upstream” rib that gradually narrows downward in the cross-sectional area until it reaches its minimum area close to the posterior phase of the medium pack, while rib 332 can be a rib “a downstream ”option that gradually increases in the cross-sectional area until it reaches its maximum area close to the posterior phase of the media pack.
By varying the position of the ridges 328, 329 to change the cross-sectional area of the ribs 330, 332, it is possible to create a significant narrowing in the ribs without changing the total length of the medium 320 in the ribs. This is advantageous for at least two reasons: First, there is no need to waste the medium to create the narrowing, such as requiring that some area of the medium bend over other areas of the medium. Second, the formation of the tapered ribs shown in Figure 9B by changing the location of the ridges 328, 329 avoids the need to significantly stretch the medium, which allows the medium of high cellulose content and another relatively low stretching medium to be used. , such as the medium containing glass fibers and ceramics. In this way, it is possible to tighten the ribs 330 and 332 by changing the position of the ridges 328 and 329 in relation to the peaks 324, 325, and 326, while simultaneously keeping the distances between the peaks relatively constant (within the limitations of irregularities) the middle one). The height J and width D1 of the ribs 330 and 332 are not changed along the length of the rib (in the depicted mode). Alternatively, it is also possible to create a narrowing that demonstrates changes in these relative dimensions. For example, the height J of the rib 330 can be reduced along the length of the rib while simultaneously decreasing the distance between the ridges 328 and 329.
The ridges 328, 329 can be provided as a result of the intersection of the most relatively flat portion of the ribbed medium and the most relatively steep portion of the ribbed medium. The relatively steeper portion of the ribbed medium can be characterized as that portion of the ribbed medium that extends between ridge 329 and peak 325 and can be characterized (for example) as having an angle between ridge 328 and ridge 329 Peak 325 extends above the flatter portions of the ribbed medium. In this way, peak 325 shows a defined protrusion from the adjacent ribbed medium, which helps to reduce masking between the ribs in the adjacent middle folds.
Referring now to Figure 9C, ribbed medium 340 is pictured and includes ribs 350 and 352. Each rib 350 includes at least two ridges 348 and 349 between adjacent peaks 344 and 345 (for a total of four ridges per rib) in the cross section shown). Thus, along the length D2 of the rib 350, the medium 340 includes four ridges 348 and 349. The narrowing of the ribs 350 and 352 can be achieved by changing the positions of the ridges 348 and 349. To increase the area under rib 350, ridges 348 and 349 are moved away from peak 345 and toward peaks 344 and 346, as shown in Figure 9C. This results in a simultaneous decrease in the cross-sectional area of rib 352, but it can be achieved with little or no stretching of the middle blade 340. Narrowing can also occur, for example, as the ridges 349 converge on the peak 345; having the ridges 348 converge at peaks 344 and 346 or having the two ridges converge on one another. There is no requirement that between each adjacent peak there are two ridges. There may be more than two or less than two ridges. There may be an absence of ridges between the peaks if it is desirable to have the presence of alternating ridges or provided at intervals between adjacent peaks. However, even in the absence of ridges, it is desirable to have even slightly sharp peaks, such as p peak 345 shown in Figure 9C, because such a peak can provide significant reductions in masking.
In general, the rib pattern can be provided where the rib pattern is repeated and includes the presence of ridges between adjacent peaks. Ribbed blades 300, 320, and 340 are shown to be relatively symmetrical from peak to peak. That is, the ribs are repeated having the same number of ridges between adjacent peaks. Adjacent peaks refer to peaks next to each other along a length of the ribbed medium. A middle period, however, does not need to have the same number of ridges between adjacent peaks and the middle can be characterized as asymmetric in this way. That is, the medium can be prepared having a ridge in one half of the period and not having a ridge in the other half of the period. Figure 9A introduced the dimension D1, which is the rib width, and D2, which is the middle length along a rib. In typical deployments of the invention, D1 and D2 will remain constant along the length of a rib. However, in some deployments it is possible to alter either D1 or D2 along the length of a rib, but such changes are typically compensated for by opposite changes in D1 and / or D2 along the length of adjacent ribs. So, if a rib shows a 50% total increase in D1 from one end to the other end of a pleated pack, it is typically necessary that opposite adjacent ribs demonstrate a 50% total decrease in D1 from one end to the other of the pleated pack.
If adjacent ribs do not undergo a corresponding opposite change in D1, the result is a tapered pleated package in which one face of the pleated package will be wider or smaller than an opposite face. Similarly, if a rib shows a 50% increase in D2 from one end to the other end of a pleated package, it is typically necessary for adjacent ribs to show a 50% total decrease in D2 from one end to the other of the pleated package. . It is desirable to keep the sum of the D2 measurements across the width of the medium constant, otherwise the medium must undergo significant stretching, which is generally not likely with high cellulose medium. This principle whereby the total length of the medium is not changed along the fold from one face to the other also generally holds true in the pleated folds. It is necessary that the pleated folds do not require a greater length of transverse mesh medium than the width of the medium used to form the ribbed medium. This is true because any increase in the width of the medium necessary to form the ribs results in increased elongation in the medium. Although many synthetic medium materials can undergo more elongation without significant deterioration in the medium, the high cellulose medium does not readily undergo more than just some% stretch. Thus, especially when high cellulose media is used, it is desirable and often necessary that the pleated folds do not transmit significant stretching forces in the pleated medium.
Asymmetry of medium volume & Asymmetry of cross-sectional area An additional characteristic of the tapered medium of the present invention is the existence of asymmetry of medium volume in some implantations. Media volume asymmetry occurs when one side of a pleated media pack (either the upstream or downstream side) has a different volume on the other side of the pleated media pack. Such asymmetry can be created by the way in which the ribs are built and how they cause narrowing. Asymmetry of volume of medium, as used herein, generally measures the ratio of volume of medium to volume of larger medium connected by the rib peaks to the volume of smaller medium connected by opposite rib peaks (see, for example, Figures 10 and 11A). In some, but not all deployments, the volume of larger medium corresponds to the volume of open medium upstream, and the volume of smaller medium corresponds to the volume of open medium downstream (when using the upstream volume, they can be accumulated contaminants such as dust). Asymmetry of medium volume is beneficial for several reasons, including improved fluid flow and improved loading performance. In some deployments, the medium will demonstrate an asymmetry of medium volume of more than 1%, more than 3%, more than 5%, or more than 10%. Exemplary constructions demonstrate an asymmetry of medium volume of more than 15%, more than 20%, more than 50%, more than 75%, more than 100%, more than 150%, and more than than 200%. Suitable media volume asymmetry ranges include, for example, 1% to 300%, 5% to 200%; 50% to 200%; 100% to 200%; and 100% to 150%. Tapered ribs can incorporate medium volume asymmetry to further enhance the filtering performance. The media pack containing tapered ribs can also demonstrate asymmetry of the media cross section area, which is calculated based on a media cross section at any given point. In a tapered rib, the asymmetry of the cross-sectional area will vary with the measurement location along the depth of the ribbed package. It will be understood that asymmetry of cross-sectional area can lead to asymmetry of volume of medium, but this is not always the case, because the cross-sectional areas of tapered medium can be varied together along the length of the rib so that they have an effect cumulative in which the total volume on each side of the medium is equal. In addition, a given cross section of a pack of media may indicate the highest cross-sectional area on one side upstream of the medium, but subsequent narrowing of the medium can cause the asymmetry of the volume of general media to favor the downstream side. in terms of total medium volume.
In some embodiments, the media pack will have a cross-sectional area asymmetry so that one side of the media has a cross-sectional area of at least 1% greater than the opposite side of the same media piece. Often, the difference in cross-sectional area across the medium will be more than 3%, more than 5%, or more than 10%. Exemplary medium constructions demonstrate an asymmetry of medium cross-sectional area of more than 15%, more than 20%, more than 50%, more than 75%, more than 100%, more than 150% , and more than 200%. Asymmetry ranges of medium cross-sectional area include, for example, 1% to 300%, 5% to 200%; 50% to 200%; 100% to 200%; and 100% to 150%.
Differences in cross-sectional area are controlled by the geometry of the rib design. Often, the presence, number, and shape of ridges along the ribs significantly impact, and often determine the amount of asymmetry in the cross-sectional area. The narrowing of the ribs will generally result in a change in the cross-sectional area asymmetry along the rib length. However, this is not always true, since the height J of a rib is changed, but the width D1 is kept constant. In such modalities, it is sometimes possible to keep the total cross-sectional area constant by changing the relative position of ridges along the rib (or otherwise changing the distribution of the medium along the rib). The rib geometry that results in differences in cross-sectional area can significantly impact the flow properties through the ribs. Changes in the relative cross-sectional area of ribs typically results in changes in the cross-sectional area of the upstream and downstream portion of the media pack in such an area: If the upstream portion of the media pack undergoes an increase in area of cross section, then the downstream portion of the medium pack will also typically undergo a decrease in cross section area. The present invention allows the customization of medium volume asymmetry and cross-sectional area asymmetry to improve filtering performance.
For further understanding of what the following sentence means, "asymmetry of volume of medium", reference is made to Figures 10 to 12. In the case of Figure 10, the medium 400 is shown in a floating manner between a theoretical first plane 402 and a second theoretical plane 404. The asymmetry of medium volume refers to the differential volume on one side of the medium 400 compared to the other side of the medium 400 between the theoretical planes 402 and 404 of the medium pack. Theoretical 402 and 404 is the fact that medium 400 is pleated and sufficiently packaged so that peaks 406 and 408 come into contact with the opposite medium surfaces, as shown in Figure 11a. measure of rib arrangement of medium different from the packaging arrangement in a package of medium An open cross-sectional area on one side of the middle (Figure 10, area 407) can be seen to extend from a sup middle surface, to a line defined by peaks of rib on the same side of the middle. This area is larger than an open cross-sectional area on the other side of the middle (Figure 10, area 409) connected by the opposite surface of the middle, and a line defined by opposite rib peaks. These cross-sectional areas define asymmetry of the cross-sectional area of a medium for a given cross-section of medium. The extent of the cross-sectional area asymmetry from the upstream face to the downstream face of the pleated package then characterizes upstream and downstream volumes and in turn, the asymmetry of the volume of medium. For a pleated package, for cases where rib peaks extend or do not extend from the pleated fold and for the pleated fold, where the middle between the pleated folds shows little curvature and is substantially flat (where the centroids are of sessions of ribs in the middle between pleated folds substantially fit on a flat surface), the volume of medium upstream can be seen as the volume enclosed by the surface of half upstream, the continuous surface in the pleated folds, and the convex carcass formed on the rib peaks to center the pleated fold line. The volume of downstream media can be seen as the volume included by the downstream media surface, the continuous surface in the pleated folds, and a convex carcass formed over the rib peaks to center the pleated fold line.
Referring now to Figure 11A, the pleated package arrangement shown can be characterized as maximum pleat count (PCMax) because it represents the largest number of pleats in a given volume in which the ribs are not distorted from each other. In Figure 11A, a sectional view of the medium 400 is shown so that the medium 400 is pleated back and forth over itself. Based on the calculation of media volume asymmetry, the value of media volume asymmetry for the media arrangement shown in Figure 11A is the same as the media volume asymmetry for the media arrangement shown in Figure 11B, even if the peaks 408 and 408 do not touch Figure 11B. Consequently, the definition of asymmetry of medium volume takes into account the potential separation between surfaces of medium that may exist when a medium is pleated and formed in a pleated filter medium package.
In relation to real measurements, the theoretical plans 402 and 404 in Figure 10 are determined based on a maximum statistical peak value. Aberrations can be ruled out of the calculation. For example, it may be an occasional peak that is either too high or too low and that does not significantly affect the packing density of the filter medium. Such peaks are not considered for the purposes of calculating theoretical plans 402 and 404. Furthermore, it should be understood that there may be occasions when peaks are bounced or formed at a height significantly below the average rib height to accentuate the volume asymmetry. In such cases, the reduced peak height should not affect the packing density calculation. In general, the packing density refers to the number of pleats available in a given volume with only the peaks of medium surfaces in contact, as shown in Figure 11 A.
An advantage of calculating a "medium volume asymmetry" is that the volume of the medium (the upstream volume and the downstream volume) can be calculated based on the medium, and the results may differ from the downstream and upstream volume of a filter element. For example, the medium can be arranged as a panel in which the peaks are only essentially touched with each other. In such a case, the upstream and downstream volume of a filter element must be consistent with the "half volume asymmetry" calculation.
Alternatively, however, the medium can be arranged in a configuration in which the peaks are not touching each other. For example, the media surfaces can be sufficiently separated from each other in a panel filter element, or they can be separated from each other as is the typical case in a cylindrical filter element. In such cases, the volume asymmetry in the filter element is expected to be different from the "media volume asymmetry" calculation. Consequently, the use of the “media volume asymmetry” calculation is a technique to normalize the volume asymmetry calculation (or volume symmetry) for a filter media package based on the medium itself, and regardless of how the medium is arranged or packaged in a filter element. Another calculation that can have value is the actual volume asymmetry in a filter element. The actual volume asymmetry for a filter element refers to the volume asymmetry resulting from a difference in volume between an upstream side of the element and a downstream side of the element. The arrangement of the medium (for example, panel or cylinder) can affect this value.
Asymmetry of the cross-sectional area of medium can also be calculated by examining a filter element, but the cross-sectional area is desirably measured away from the pleated folds. Then, for example, the half cross-sectional area can be taken along a rib length over a distance that excludes three times the rib height of the pleated fold. The reason for the asymmetry of the cross-sectional area of the medium is calculated away from the pleated folds is the fact of avoiding the influence of the pleated folds in the calculation of asymmetry of the cross-sectional area of the medium. In addition, it should be understood that the asymmetry of the cross-sectional area of medium can vary over a rib length. This variation may be a result of a rib tightening.
In relation to the asymmetry of the cross-sectional area of the medium, the cross-sectional area of the medium will typically demonstrate the asymmetry on each side of the medium. As shown in Figure 11A, a cross section shows an asymmetry in cross-sectional area 403 with cross-sectional area 405. The three-dimensional structure of ribs defines an opening volume for fluid flow, as well as space for accumulation of contaminants ( as dust). In some embodiments, the filter medium exhibits an asymmetry of volume of medium so that a volume on one side of the medium is greater than a volume on the other side of the medium. In general, asymmetry of volume of medium refers to the asymmetry of volume between an upstream side and a downstream side of pleated filter media containing ribs. Asymmetry of medium volume is caused by the medium rib arrangement rather than the packaging arrangement in a medium package.
Rib density Another technique for increasing the amount of filter media available for filtration includes increasing the rib density of the media pack. Rib density refers to the number of ribs per cross-sectional area of filter medium in a filter medium package. The rib density depends on a number of factors including the rib height J, the rib period D1, and the thickness of medium T. The rib density can be referred to as a package rib rib density, and is determined at the maximum pleat count (PCMax). PCMax is the maximum pleat count concentration at which the pleated package can be manufactured without deforming the ribs. In general, PCMax refers to the maximum number of pleats that can be arranged in a given volume before performance suffers as a result of deformation of the ribs. For panel filters, the PCMax pleat concentration is equal to 1 / (2J). The equation for calculating the rib density package (p) for a filter element is: The rib density of a filter element can be calculated by counting the number of ribs that include those upstream ribs and those ribs that are downstream in a cross-sectional area of the filter element, and divide them by twice the cross-sectional area of the filter element at the location where the number of ribs was determined. In general, for the regular medium, the rib density is expected to remain relatively constant across the length of the filter element from the input face to the exit face, or vice versa.
It should be understood that the cross-sectional area of the medium refers to the cross-sectional area of the medium and not necessarily the cross-sectional area of the filter element. The filter element may have a housing or seal designed to engage a housing that can provide the filter element with a cross-sectional area that is larger than the cross-sectional area of the medium. In addition, the cross-sectional area of the medium refers to the area of the effective media pack, and does not include portions of the media pack not useful for filtration (such as areas obstructed by the seal).
In general, providing a packet of medium that has an increased rib density has a tendency to increase the surface area of medium by one volume of the medium and thus has a tendency to increase the loading capacity of the filter medium. Consequently, increasing the rib density of the medium can have the effect of enhancing the loading capacity of the medium. However, increasing the rib density of the medium can have the effect of increasing the pressure drop across the medium which assumes other factors that remain constant.
Increasing the rib density of filter media often results from decreasing the rib height (J) or the length of the rib period (D1), or both. As a result, the rib size (the rib size refers to the cross-sectional area of the rib) decreases as the rib density increases. Smaller rib sizes can have the effect of increasing the pressure drop through the filter media pack. The reference to a pressure drop across the media pack refers to the differential pressure determined on a first face of the media pack in relation to the pressure measured on a second face of the media pack, where the first face and the second face they are usually provided on opposite sides of the media pack. The pressure drop across the medium pack depends, in part, on the rib density and the rib length.
Now referring to Figures 12 to 14, a pleated filter medium package is shown at reference number 450. Pleated filter medium package 450 includes medium 452 which has a machine direction 454 and a transverse direction 456. The medium is folded to provide a first series of pleated folds 458 and a second series of pleated folds 459 (see Figure 12 for folds 458 and 459), where the middle 452 extends in a forward and backward arrangement between the first set pleated pleats 458 and a second set of pleated pleats 459. Middle 452 includes ribs 470. Ribs 470 include relatively sharpened peaks 472 and 474. In addition, ribs 470 include ridges 476 provided between adjacent peaks (e.g. peaks 472 and 474). The pleated filter medium package 450 includes surfaces of medium 482 and 484 that form cracks 486 between them, and surfaces of medium 488 and 490 that form cracks 492 between them. The pleated filter medium package 450 can be characterized as having a first face 485 that includes the first pleated fold set 458 and the cracks 486. In addition, the pleated filter medium package 450 can be characterized as having a second face 487 which includes the second set of pleated folds 460 and cracks 492. Consequently, air can flow in the pleated filter media package 450 through cracks 486 on the first face 492, pass through medium 452 providing filtration, and then flow out of the pleated filter medium package 450 through the slots 492 on the second face 494. In certain circumstances, it may be advantageous to have the fluid flow in the pleated filter medium package through the second face 494 and outside the pleated filter medium package 450 through the first face 485. The middle includes 493 ridges that converge together. This narrowing is foreshortened, showing an exaggerated movement of the ridges.
Referring now to Figures 15 and 16, top plan views of portions of two media arrangements made in accordance with the present invention are shown. In Figure 15, a simplified drawing of a filter media blanket 500 is shown with a representation of the location of the portions of each rib, but before the rib formation and creation of pleats (then, Figure 15 shows the filter medium 520 in one flattened state that describes where rib peaks and ridges are located during rib formation). The outline of each of the ribs 502 includes central peaks 504 and adjacent opposite side peaks 506. Subsequent fold locations are shown by lines 510. The modality shown in Figure 15 is shown with six ribs 502. Each of the ribs 502 includes four ridges 508a and 508b in dashed lines. The ridges are positioned so that a pair of ridges 508a and 508b are on each side of the peak 504 of each rib 502. The ridges 508a and 508b converge towards each other to create a rib similar to the one shown previously in Figure 7. , on each side of each peak 504 is a pair of ridges 508a and 508b that converge under one another along a fold, which then diverges from one another along the next fold, and again converges under another one at the subsequent peak. In this way it is possible to change the cross-sectional area of the pleated medium with the use of the filter medium 500. It will be observed that in Figure 15, the central peaks 504 and adjacent opposite lateral peaks 506 are parallel to each other, allowing the creation of the ribbed medium, the ribs having a constant width and height, while still having a change in cross-sectional area along its length.
With reference to Figure 16, the means 520 is shown with a plurality of ribs defined by the central peak 524 and adjacent opposite side peaks 526. Pleated locations 530 are also shown. The medium shown in Figure 16 is flattened, describing the peak locations 524 and adjacent opposite lateral peaks 526. In this embodiment, the ribs do not have parallel peaks 524, 526. Then, the medium can be used to create tapered ribs in width or height of the ribs are varied. In the embodiment shown in Figure 16, no crest is needed to create the tapered ribbed medium.
Ribbed peak radius As noted above, rib peaks are typically characterized by a tuned radius or a defined tip that reduces masking between pleats. This defined tip can extend from the general profile of the rib to create a protrusion at the peak of the rib that substantially reduces the masking of adjacent media. Since it will be understood that a given rib peak will have some variations in shape, and does not necessarily form a perfect arc at its tip, it is still possible, in some deployments, to identify and measure a distance that substantially corresponds to a radius at the rib peak. This radius can be measured inside the rib and is calculated as the effective internal radius. This effective internal radius will often be less than 4 mm, more often less than 2 mm, often less than 1 mm, and optionally less than 0.5 mm. Larger radii can also be used in some deployments, especially for wide ribs. It will also be understood that ribs that fail to have a distinct and measurable radius still fail in the scope of the disclosure because it contains other characteristics described in this document, such as the presence of ridges, asymmetric volumes of medium, etc. Figure 17 shows an example of a radius determined in current filter media.
Radii can be measured, for example, by a methodology that uses a measurement called the local effective internal radius. The effective local internal radius is defined as the minimum external radius of curvature at a given rib, peak, or crest, minus the average thickness of the middle of the rib. The minimum external radius of curvature is the smallest radius of curvature of an oscillating circle that fits the curve formed by the next outermost surface of a cross section of a given rib, peak, or crest. For reference, the oscillation circle of a plane curve sufficiently smooth at a given point on the curve is the circle whose center is on the normal internal line and whose curvature is the same as the given curve at that point.
Alternatively, a formula that can be used to describe an acceptable radius (for certain modalities) is based on the rib width (D1) and media thickness (T). An example formula that can be used to describe the radius at the peak that can be characterized as a relatively fine radius is (D1-2T) / 8. Preferably, a relatively fine-tuned radius has a radius of less than about (D1-2T) / 16.
Although the peaks are thinned, in many deployments they still contain a strongly curved outer surface, sometimes approaching an arc or a curve with a radius. By providing relatively fine-tuned peaks, the area in contact and / or in proximity between the medium surfaces can be reduced, resulting in a reduction in masking. During filtration, the filter medium will typically be deflected under pressure, and the relatively sharpened peaks can continue to reduce contact between the medium surfaces, thus providing a continuous advantage over masking reduction.
A filtration fluid method is also provided according to the invention. The method includes a step of passing a fluid through a pleated filter medium pack provided as part of a filter element as a result of the unfiltered fluid that penetrates the first or second side of the pleated filter media pack and leaves the another from the first side or the second side of the pleated filter media package. The flow of the fluid to be filtered through the pleated filter media package can be characterized as straight through flow.
Rib Orientation It may be advantageous to have the ribs so that they extend at an angle not perpendicular to the first flow face or the second flow face which depends on whether the fluid is flowing towards the first face or the second face at an angle which is not perpendicular. By providing the ribs at an angle not perpendicular to the first face or the second face of the pleated filter media package, it is possible to accentuate the fluid flow in the pleated filter medium package by adjusting the rib angle to better receive the flow of fluid. fluid without the fluid having to turn around before penetrating the pleated filter media pack. The first face and the second face of the media package can be parallel or non-parallel. The angle at which the ribs extend can be measured in relation to the first face, the second face, or both the first face and the second face.
In this way, the ribs can be formed so that they extend perpendicularly to the first face or the second face, or they can be provided so that they extend at an angle to the first face or the second face that is greater than than 0 degrees, but less than 180 degrees. If the ribs extend at an angle of 0 degrees or 180 degrees on a face, then it is difficult for the fluid to penetrate the pleated filter media package through the ribs. In general, it is desirable for the fluid to penetrate the pleated filter media package by penetrating through the ribs.
In some deployments, the ribs will extend from about 85 degrees to 95 degrees to one face, in other deployments, from about 60 to 120 degrees to one face, and in still other deployments, from about 70 to 110 degrees degrees to a face. Preferably, the ribs are provided if they extend at an angle that is about 60 degrees perpendicular to the first face or the second face. In general, this range corresponds to about 30 degrees to about 150 degrees from the first face or the second face. In addition, the ribs can be provided to extend about 5 degrees perpendicular to the first face or the second face (corresponding to about 85 degrees to about 95 degrees in relation to the first face or the second face). The ribs may desirably be provided so as to extend perpendicular (90 degrees) with respect to the first face or the second face. Methods for Producing Ribbed Pleated Media Ribbed pleated media can be produced using various methods and equipment. So, the medium, pleated medium packs, and filter elements are not limited to your manufacturing methods. The ribbed medium can be prepared by any technique that provides the desired rib shapes. Therefore, the invention is not limited to specific methods in the formation of ribs. However, depending on the geometry of the rib, the medium is ribbed and pleated, and certain methods will be more or less successful. The dry medium with a high cellulose content is relatively non-stretchable, and it is an objective to tear if it is only stretched beyond some%. In contrast, medium with a high synthetic content is often much more stretchable. Both types of media are suitable for use with the invention.
During medium formation, the limited dimension of the medium is typically the width of the medium because the machine on which the medium is manufactured is limited in the width direction. The length of the medium can be continuous until it is cut or until it reaches the end. The continuous direction refers to the direction of the medium along the length of the medium. The transverse direction generally refers to the direction of the medium across the width of the medium. The pleated medium generally includes folds or pleats formed transversely to the machine direction so that the number of pleats and the height of each pleat can be controlled, as desired. Pleats or folds are typically formed in the transverse direction so that the middle folds return alone in an alternating pattern (for example, a forward and backward arrangement) to form a filter element that has a first face, a second face, and an extension of medium between the first face and the second face. In general, the fluid to be filtered penetrates one of the first and second faces of the filter media package, and leaves the other of the first and second faces. Exemplary techniques for providing ribbed medium that exhibit relatively sharp peaks include curving, bending, or creaking in the ribbed medium in a manner sufficient to provide a relatively fine-tuned edge. The ability to provide a relatively fine peak depends on a number of factors, including the composition of the medium itself and the processing equipment used to deliver the curve, bend, or crease. In general, the ability to provide a relatively fine peak depends on the tear strength and thickness of the medium and whether the medium contains fibers that stretch or resist tearing or cutting. It is desirable to avoid tearing, cutting, or otherwise damaging the filter medium during rib formation. The present method can use the medium which can only handle a relatively small amount of elongation because the pleated folds are formed to maintain the overall length of the medium relatively constant and to reduce the elongation. In general, the medium that can tolerate only a relatively small amount of elongation that includes the medium that tends to rupture when the elongation is greater than 3%, as is often the case for the medium that has a high cellulose content and it's cold and dry. While still wet, the warm medium will often tend to break when the elongation is greater than about 8% with some medium, and about 10% in another medium, or occasionally more than about 12%. Therefore, the rib design and manufacturing methods of the present invention can be used, in some deployments, with medium that has a high cellulose content. In some modalities the cellulose content is at, or close to 100%. In other deployments, the cellulose content is more than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60% or 50%.
As shown previously, the total media width can be made constant across the transverse direction of the pleats. This allows a pleated fold configuration to result in an overall elongation in the medium that is relatively small. Consequently, the medium that can be used in the filter medium package can be characterized as the medium that cannot resist the stretching of more than about 8% in some deployments, 10% in other deployments, or more than about 12 % in other deployments. However, it will be understood that the medium that can withstand high levels of elongation can also be used with various implementations of the invention. Figure 18 describes a system 600 for forming pleated media consistent with the technology disclosed in this document. A roll of medium 620 is on an unwinding seat 622 in communication with the nesting mechanism 640 to group the medium 602. The medium 602 is passed through the nesting mechanism 640 to the modeling rolls 660 and marking rolls 670 to be modeled and marked, respectively. After the shaping rolls 660 and marking rolls 670 exit, the medium 602 optionally passes through a coating station 675 and penetrates the rolling section 680, where it is folded along the markings and stored in packaged segments 612. The medium roll 620 is used to store medium 602 until processing, and generally arrives at the processing site in such a configuration. The medium roll 620 may include a variety of types of medium 602 which is wound on the roller 620. Generally, the medium 602 will be a relatively flexible, flat sheet so that it can be rolled and unrolled. Medium 602 is, in a variety of embodiments, a cellulose medium, although other types of medium are also contemplated. For example, medium 602 can also be a synthetic medium like a flat sheet of a polymeric medium.
Figures 19A and 19B represent a top view and a side view, respectively, of the medium as it passes through a system similar to that shown in Figure 18. The first section 692 represents the medium after it leaves the medium roller 620 and be introduced into the system. The second section 694 represents the medium generally after it leaves processing by the bundling roll 640, which is represented by the first vertical sectioning line. The third section 696 represents the medium 602 after leaving the marking and shaping rollers 660, and the fourth section 698 represents the medium 602 upon entering the rolling section 680 of the system. "Grouping" is used to refer to a process to which medium 602 is subjected, and also to a physical state of medium 602, as represented in the second section 694 of Figures 19A and 19B. Medium 602 exhibits substantially parallel undulations 604 along the length of medium 602 where the length of medium 602 is generally in the machine direction, in other words, the direction parallel to the passage of medium 602 through the various components of the system. Grouping 640 avoids the generation of elongation in medium 602 as it is being ribbed, which results in increased tolerance of medium 602 to the creation of ribs and, otherwise, modeling of the medium. As a result of grouping the medium 602, the width of the medium 602 decreases slightly and the height of the medium 602 increases slightly as the ripples are created. The grouping mechanism can have a variety of configurations, and will be described in more detail by way of example in the description in Figure 20, below.
After grouping 640 of the medium, the medium can be modeled 660 and marked, as represented in section 696 of Figure 19A and Figure 19B. The "shaping" forms ribs 606 in the machine direction along the length of the middle 602, and the "marking" forms fold lines 608 in the middle 602, perpendicular to the ribs 606 - which is generally in the direction transverse to the machine. The mark 608 generally has a unique pattern corresponding to the pattern of the ribs 606. In one embodiment, the medium 602 passes between two calender rollers, and then passes between two marking rollers. In another mode, the middle passes between two calender rollers that define a mark bar. The modeling and marking of the medium will be described in more detail below.
An adhesive can be applied in a variety of ways after the medium is shaped and marked, which is not visible in Figure 19A or 19B, but corresponds to 675 coating rollers in Figure 18. Applying the adhesive places a small amount of adhesive material at a point along the rib tips in such a way that it can be attached to another rib that touches it after the middle is folded. The glue or adhesive material (various adhesives can be used, including hot melt adhesives, hot stretch adhesives, etc.) is preferably applied in a way to avoid over-sealing the medium by applying the glue or bonding material. For example, reference can be made to Figure 11 A above, which shows rib tips 406 and 408 in contact with the ribs in adjacent folds. The adhesive can be applied in these places (such as where the ribs join at the 406 or 408 ends). Generally, the amount of adhesive present should be sufficient to hold the pleats together during production as well as during use. Thus, a strong connection between the adjacent pleats is usually necessary when an adhesive is used. In some embodiments, the adhesive runs along the entire rib tips, but in other deployments the adhesive runs only along a portion of each rib tip. For example, the adhesive can be applied intermittently along the rib tips, it can be applied primarily near the pleated folds, it can be applied only to a fraction of the pleated tips etc. In addition to the use of adhesive material to bond tapered ribs, it should be understood that non-tapered (ie regular) ribs can also be bonded to each other with the use of adhesive material. The medium can also contact a 675 coating roll to administer adhesives or other coatings. Following the coating or, alternatively, following modeling and marking, the medium enters the rolling section 680. The rolling section 680 is where the medium 602 is folded along the mark lines 608 in a similar to an accordion, and stored as such until further processing. The more medium 602 is processed through the system 600 and introduced into the rolling section 680, the medium 602 becomes more packaged and compresses around the 608 brand lines.
System components 600 in Figure 18 will now be described in more detail. Figure 20 represents a grouping mechanism according to the technology described in this document. In at least one embodiment the grouping mechanism 640 has a primary roll 642 and a plurality of grouping axes 650 around the circumference of the primary roll 642, in mechanical communication with the primary roll 642. Each of the plurality of grouping axes 650 are configured to rotate around their respective geometric axes. Each geometry axis 651 of the plurality of grouping axes 650 can be pivotally arranged around the circumference of the primary roller 642. In the embodiment shown, the plurality of grouping axes 650 is pivotally arranged on a first shaft retainer 644 and a second shaft retainer 646 on each side of the primary roller 642. The first shaft retainer 644 and the second shaft retainer 646 define slots that are configured to receive each end of each shaft from each of the plurality of grouping axes. Alternatively, the grouping mechanism may comprise a series of rollers in a substantially flat arrangement (as opposed to the circular arrangement of Figure 20) in which the medium is progressively grouped as it passes from a first roller to a last roller. Figure 21 represents the means 602 which enters the grouping mechanism 640, which leaves the grouping mechanism 640 grouped, and which enters a pair of modeling rollers 660. The following description of the grouping mechanism can be understood in view of the Figure 20 and Figure 21. In operation, the medium is fed in the circumference of the primary roller 642 and is passed through the primary roller 642 and each one of the plurality of grouping axes 650 separately, each of which among the plurality of axes Grouping 650 introduces two undulations: an undulation adjacent to each side of the medium, which gradually and progressively groups the medium. The exception to this is the first cluster axis 652, which introduces a single first undulation along a central middle portion.
As already mentioned, the medium is first passed through the primary roller 642 and a first cluster axis 652, where the first cluster axis 652 defines a first cluster model 653. The first cluster axis 652 is cylindrical and rotates at around a central geometric axis 651. The first cluster pattern 653 defined on the first cluster axis 652 exerts a force on the medium as it passes between the first cluster pattern 653 and the primary roller 642, which creates a first ripple along the portion middle center. Thus, the surface of the remainder of the first cluster axis 652 is unlikely to make contact with the medium. In the current modality, the first cluster model 653 is a single rounded circular disc that extends radially from the first cluster axis. The first cluster pattern 653 has a first cluster width and is positioned substantially central to the middle width.
After passing through the primary roll 642 and the first cluster axis, the medium then passes through a second cluster axis 654 and the primary roller 642. The second cluster axis 654 defines a second cluster pattern 655 that has a second width collation width, where the second collation width is greater than the first collation width. The second cluster model 655 includes the first cluster model 653 and also includes an addition to the first cluster model in a way that the middle cluster proceeds gradually. Thus, the second cluster pattern 655 has the circular disc of the first cluster pattern 653, to engage and reinforce the first undulation along the middle, and a pair of circular discs that are each adjacent to opposite sides of the first pattern. cluster 653. The second cluster model 655, and therefore the second cluster width, is positioned substantially central to the middle width. Also, the central disk of the second cluster axis 654 is substantially corradial to the central disk of the first cluster axis 652 in such a way that the central disk of the second cluster axis 654 and the disk of the first cluster axis 652 engage the first wave of the middle.
After the middle has passed between the second cluster axis 654 and the primary roller 642, the medium passes between a third cluster axis 656 and the primary roller 642. The third cluster axis 656 defines a third cluster model 657 that has a third collation width greater than the second collation width. The third cluster pattern 657, and therefore the third cluster width, is positioned substantially centrally to the middle width. The third cluster model 657 includes the three disks of the second cluster model 655, and then two additional disks: one adjacent to each side of the second cluster model 655, respectively. The three central disks of the third cluster modeling 657 are generally corradial to the disks of the second cluster modeling 655. The medium is then passed between a fourth cluster axis 658 and the primary roller 642, where the fourth cluster axis 658 defines a fourth cluster pattern 659 that has a fourth cluster width greater than the third cluster width and is positioned substantially central to the middle width. The fourth cluster model 659 is the five disks of the third cluster model 657, and then two additional disks: one adjacent to each side of the third cluster model, respectively. The medium can then be passed between the primary roll 642 and any additional number of bundling axes 650, depending on the width of the bundle to be bundled, as each bundling axis after the first bundling axis increases the width of the bundled portion of the bundle. through a particular increment, namely the width of two additional collation discs. The five central disks of the fourth cluster modeling 659 are generally corradial to the disks of the third cluster modeling 657.
Each grouping axis increases the plurality of grouping axes 650 includes the shaping of the grouping axis that precedes it to engage and reinforce the existing modeling of the medium. Each of the plurality of grouping axes 650 adds an incremental addition to the shaping of the grouping axis before it, for the grouping of the medium to proceed gradually. Bundling discs generally have a particular radius in such a way that that depth and width of each ripple in the medium is substantially corresponding along the length of the medium. Each disc is generally identical and equally spaced in such a way that the grouping is substantially matched across the width of the medium.
As the number of cluster axes increases, it may be desirable to use a primary roller 642 of a larger diameter to accommodate the plurality of cluster axes around the circumference of the primary roller. Thus, a system can have multiple primary rollers that can be switched and changed depending on the width of the medium to be grouped.
As mentioned above, the grouping medium 602 can increase the elongation tolerance of the medium to withstand further modeling and processing. Thus, after the medium is grouped, it can be modeled additionally by other components of the system, such as the calender rollers 660 as shown in Figure 21. Figure 22 also represents a pair of calender rollers 660 to model the medium. In a variety of deployments, modeling of the medium includes forming ribs along the length of the medium. The medium is usually ribbed by passing between two calender rollers 660 after grouping the medium 602. The calender rollers 660 print the pattern of the ribs along the length of the medium as the medium passes between the rollers 660. Thus, the calender 660 define the desired modeling of the ribs. A first calender roller 666 of the pair of calender rollers 660 can define a particular rib pattern 664, and a second calender roller 668 of the pair of calender rollers 660 can define a corresponding rib pattern 662, so that each side of the 660 rollers reinforces the same rib pattern in the middle. In another embodiment, the corresponding rib pattern 662 may be a malleable surface for receiving the particular rib pattern 664.
The ribs are generally established in the machine direction of the middle. In some embodiments, the medium is heated (such as by steam, infrared heaters, heated rollers, etc.) before or while passing through the 660 calender rollers, and cooled after the shaping process. Thus, the 660 calender rollers can be heated in at least one embodiment. The ribs can have a variety of configurations. In one configuration, the ribs are tapered. In another configuration, the ribs are substantially straight. In yet another configuration, the ribs are partially tapered.
In another modality, the medium is modeled and marked with calender rollers. Figure 23 represents calender rollers 760 in which a first calender roll 766 has a plurality of mark bars 772 and a second calender roll 768 which has a plurality of marking surfaces 770 which are each configured to receive each one of the respective mark bars 772. The marking surfaces 770 may comprise a compressible material in one embodiment. In another embodiment, the marking surfaces 770 are slots defined by the second calender roller 768 that accommodate the models of each of the respective brand 772 bars. In yet another embodiment, the marking surfaces 770 are corresponding female surfaces that accommodate the models. of each respective 772 mark bar. Marking of the medium generally results in the curvature of the medium at intervals across the machine where the medium will be folded. Thus, a 772 mark bar can be used to "engrave" across the width of the medium at intervals at which the medium will be folded. The profile of the 772 mark bar generally follows the profile of the local ribs. So, for example, with a medium that has tapered ribs, the 772 mark bars are high where the local ribs are high, and the height of the 772 mark bar decreases where the height of a local rib decreases.
As the middle is generally folded in accordion style, in a way that it is first folded to a particular width, and then folded back into itself again, the middle is markedly consecutively from alternating sides. Thus, mark bars 772 and mark surfaces 770 generally alternate consecutively on the surfaces of the calender rollers 760, such that the first calender roll 766 and the second calender roll 768 have a plurality of mark bars 772 and a plurality of marking surfaces 770. As shown in Figure 23, a marking bar 772 on the second calender roller 768 corresponds to marking surface 770 on the first calender roller 766.
In at least some modalities of the technology described in this document, the calender rollers can be altered to create various moldings of the medium. In such embodiments, it may be desirable to have a calender roller than to include multiple components that can be replaced and changed according to the molding resulting from the medium that is desired. Figure 24 represents an exemplified segmented calender roller 866 that has interchangeable and switchable components (showing roller 866 in an exploded view). The calender roller 866 has a base roller 867 that generally defines the modeling of the roller, and provides a surface to which other components are attached. A plurality of segments 865 collectively define the rib molding 864 to be printed in the middle. Alternative 872 brand bars and 870 brand surfaces extend at circumferential intervals across the width of the roller. Figure 25 represents a cross-sectional view of the segmented calender roller 866 of Figure 24, which provides a profile view of a portion of rib molding 864 on a particular segment 865. Figure 26 represents a perspective view of segment 865 shown in Figure 25. Segment 865 defines a coupling surface 869 by which segment 865 is coupled to the calender roller 867. In a variety of deployments, segments 865 and 872 brand bars can be exchanged, interchanged, removed and replaced to change the resulting media impression. In at least one embodiment the segments 865 and / or brand bars 872 are screwed, threaded or otherwise held in place at the base of the roller 867. In another embodiment the segments and / or the brand bars are maintained in friction in place by means of a locking attachment defined by the roller base 867, the segments 865 and / or brand bars 872, or both. In at least one embodiment, alignment pins are received by each segment 865 and by the calender roller 867 to ensure proper placement.
Figures 27a, 27b and 27c are cross-sectional diagrams that demonstrate various spacing of the mark bars on the segmented calender roller 866 of Figure 24. While these diagrams represent 865 segments that are largely uniform, it may be possible to have 865 segments of varying widths . Figure 28 represents another system according to the technology described in this document, which incorporates an 860 calender roll that shapes and marks the medium. A roll of medium 820 is on an unwinding seat 822 in communication with a collating mechanism 840 for bundling medium 802. Medium 802 is passed through the marking and shaping rolls 860 to shape and mark the rolls. After the medium passes over the 860 marking and modeling rollers it can also come in contact with a coating roll to administer adhesives or other coatings. After leaving the marking and shaping rolls, the medium enters the 880 rolling section, where it is folded along the marks and can be cut into folds of medium.
An alternative grouping and modeling mechanism in Figure 29 will be described. As described above, the medium is fed to pass through the circumference of a primary roll 946, and is gradually grouped as the medium proceeds around primary roller 946. Primary roller 946 is generally configured to receive the medium. A first bundling and forming roll 941 is positioned on the circumference of the primary roll 946 and centrally to the width of the primary roll 946. In multiple embodiments, the first bundling and forming roll 941 is also positioned in a way that will be central to the width of the medium that passes through the primary roller. The medium is passed between the primary roll and the first bundling and forming roll 941 in such a way that forces exerted on the medium from the first bundling and forming roll 941 result in a rib along the length of the medium.
After the medium passes through the first bundling and forming roll 941 and the primary roll 946, it then passes through a pair of second bundling rolls 942, which are also positioned on the circumference of the primary roll 946. The distance between the second bundling and forming rollers 942 is larger than the width of the first bundling and forming roll 941, and the second bundling and forming rollers 942 are configured to exert forces on the medium that result in a rib along the length of the middle on each side of the rib resulting from the passage under the first 941 bundling and forming roll. A pair of third 943 bundling and forming rollers and a pair of fourth 944 bundling and forming rollers are also positioned on the circumference of the primary roll 946, and are configured to exert forces on the medium that result in a rib along the length of the medium on each side of the existing ribs. Thus, the distance between the third bundling and forming rolls 943 is greater than the distance of the second bundling and forming rolls 942, and the distance between the fourth bundling rolls 944 is greater than the distance between the third bundling rolls and forming 943. The first bundling and forming roll 941 is generally substantially central to the distance between the second bundling and rib rolls 942, third bundling rolls 943, and fourth bundling and rib rolls 944.
In a variety of embodiments there are a pair of fifth bundle and rib rolls, a pair of six bundle and rib rolls, and a pair of seventh bundle rolls. In general, the more pairs of bundling rollers are implanted along the circumference of the primary roll, so many are needed to bundle the medium of a particular width. In at least one embodiment there are 50 pairs of bundling rollers.
Filter medium The filter medium can be supplied as a relatively flexible medium, which includes a fibrous non-woven material containing cellulose fibers, synthetic fibers, glass fibers, ceramic fibers or combinations thereof, which often includes a resin in it and is sometimes treated with additional materials. An exemplary filter medium can be characterized as a cellulosic filter medium that can tolerate up to twelve% (12%) of elongation without tearing when wet and hot, but which will break at a lower elongation percentage when dry and cold (low as 3% with some means). The filter medium can be ribbed in various patterns or ribbed patterns without damaging unsupported medium and can be pleated to form a pleated filter medium. In addition, the filter medium is desirably of a nature that will maintain its ribbed configuration during use. While some filter medium is available that can tolerate more than about twelve% (12%) of elongation, and such medium can be used according to the invention, that type of medium is typically more expensive because of the need to incorporate quantities relatively large amounts of synthetic fibers.
In the ribbing process, an inelastic deformation is caused in the middle. This prevents the medium from returning to the original format. However, once the formation shifts are released, the ribs will sometimes tend to bounce back partially, maintaining only a portion of the stretch and curvature that have occurred. Also, the medium can contain a resin. During the ribbing process, the medium can be heated to soften the resin. When the resin cools, it will help maintain the ribbed marks. The filter medium can be provided with a fine fiber material on one or both sides of it, for example, in accordance with US Patents No. 6,955,775, 6,673,136, and 7,270,693, incorporated into this document by reference in its integrity. In general, a fine fiber can be called a polymeric fine fiber (microfiber and nanofiber) and can be supplied in the medium to improve filtration performance. The fine fiber can be added at various stages of the manufacturing process. For example, in some implantations the medium will contain fine fiber before the ribs are formed, while in other implantations the fine fiber is added as a layer or layers to the ribbed medium. As a result of the presence of the fine fiber in the medium, it may be possible to provide a medium that has a reduced thickness or weight while obtaining desired filtration properties. Therefore, the presence of fine fiber in the medium can provide improved filtration properties, provide the use of a thinner medium, or both. Exemplary materials that can be used to form fine fibers include polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol polymers, polyurethane, and copolymers that comprise various nylons such as nylon 6, nylon 4.6, nylon 6.6, nylon 6.10, and copolymers polyvinyl chloride, PVDC, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, PMMA, PVDF, polyamides, and mixtures thereof.
Various techniques can be relied on to improve the performance of pleated filter media. The technique can be applied to the pleated filter media used in panel filter arrangements and to the pleated filter media used in cylindrical or conical filter arrangements. Depending on whether the pleated filter media is to be used in a panel filter arrangement or a cylindrical or conical filter arrangement, alternative preferences may be provided. In view of this description, one would understand when certain preferences are more desirable for a panel filter arrangement and when certain preferences are more desirable for a cylindrical filter arrangement.
Therefore, it should be understood that the preference identification is not intended to reflect a preference for the two panel filter arrangements and cylindrical filter arrangements. In addition, it should be understood that preferences may change as a result of whether the cylindrical filter arrangement is intended to be a disposition that can be characterized as a direct flow arrangement (in which dirty air flows in the filter media package to from the outer cylindrical surface) or a reverse flow filter media pack (where dirt flows into the filter media pack from the inner surface of the media pack).
Filter Element and Pleat Package Configurations Filter elements are also supplied according to the invention, the filter elements incorporate a ribbed medium. The filter elements are provided and may include a pleated filter media pack and a seal disposed in relation to the filter media pack so that the fluid to be filtered passes through the filter media pack as a result of entering through a face of the filter. media pack and exit from the other side of the media pack. The seal can be attached directly to the pleated filter media package or indirectly through a seal holder, and can be provided to engage a housing to provide a seal between the housing and the filter element. The seal can be supplied as an axial seal, a radial seal or a combination of axial and radial seal. Pressure seals, clamping seals and many other forms of sealing are also possible.
A filter element or filter cartridge can be supplied as a serviceable filter element. The term "serviceable" in this context is used to refer to a filter element that contains a filter medium in which the filter element can be periodically removed and replaced from a corresponding air cleaner. An air cleaner that includes a filter cartridge or serviceable filter element is built to provide removal, purification and replacement of the filter element or filter cartridge. In general, the air cleaner can include a housing and an access cover in which the access cover for removing a used filter element and inserting a new or cleaned (refurbished) filter element.
A pleated filter media package formed in a panel can be called the "straight through flow configuration" or by variants of it when the faces in the pleated filter medium are parallel. For example, a filter element provided in the form of a panel can generally have an incoming flow face and an outgoing flow face, the flow entering and leaving the filter element generally in the same straight through direction. In some cases, each face can be generally flat or flat, with the two parallel to each other. However, variations of this, for example, non-planar faces, are possible in some applications.
Alternatively, the incoming and outgoing flow faces may be provided at an angle to each other in such a way that the faces are not parallel. In addition, a filter element can include a filter media pack that has a non-flat face, and the non-flat face can be considered non-parallel to the other face. An exemplary non-planar face for a filter medium package includes a face that forms the inner face or the outer face of a filter medium package formed in a cylindrical or conical arrangement. Another exemplary non-planar face for a filter media pack includes a filter media pack in which the surfaces of the media have an inconsistent or irregular depth of pleat (for example, the pleat depth of a pleat is different from the pleat depth of another fold). The inlet face (sometimes called the "end") can be called the first face or the second face, and the outflow face (sometimes called the "end") can be called the other face. the first face or the second face. The straight through-flow configuration verified in the filter elements that contain a pleated filter medium formed in a panel is, for example, in contrast to cylindrical filter elements that contain a pleated filter medium arranged in a cylindrical configuration of the type shown in US Patent No. 6,039 .778, in which the flow generally makes a substantial turn as it passes through the filter element. That is, in a filter element according to U.S. Patent No. 6,039,778, the flow enters the cylindrical filter cartridge through a cylindrical side, and then turns to exit through a cylindrical filter end in a direct flow system. In a reverse flow system, the flow enters the cylindrical filter cartridge through one end and then turns to exit through one side of the cylindrical filter cartridge. An example of such a reverse flow system is shown in U.S. Patent No. 5,613,992. Another type of filter element that contains a pleated filter medium can be called a conical filter element because the filter media package is arranged in a conical shape.
Referring now to Figures 30 and 31, a portion of a filter medium pack is shown with reference number 1000 in a partial cylindrical arrangement. The filter media package includes a first face 1004 and a second face 1006. For the cylindrical arrangement 1000, the first face 1004 can be considered the inner surface of the cylindrical arrangement, and the second face 1006 can be considered the outer surface of the cylindrical arrangement . The first face 1004 can be provided with relatively large cracks 1005 and the second face 1006 can be provided with relatively small cracks. When the filter media pack 1000 is vented, an improved spacing is provided between the pleats on the second face 1006. As a result, the arrangement shown in Figures 30 and 31 can be advantageous when dirty air flows into the filter media pack through the second face flow 1006 and leaves the filter medium pack through the first flow face 1004.
By venting the filter media pack, an improved separation between the media surfaces and the improved media area (as a result of a lack of masking) can be provided to receive the dirty air, and a relatively large volume can be supplied as the volume of the scrubbing side or downstream in such a way that the fluid can flow out of the filter pack with reduced restriction. As a result of the cylindrical arrangement 1000, the relatively larger volume (calculated as volume of medium pack) can be supplied on the open side to the inner surface, and the relatively smaller volume of medium pack can be supplied on the open side to the outer surface .
In other arrangements, the pleated medium is configured or arranged around an open central area. An example of such a filter arrangement is shown in Figures 32 and 33. Referring to Figure 32, a filter arrangement 1030 is shown. The filter arrangement 1030 comprises first and second end caps 1032 and 1034 which have the pleated medium 1036 extending between them. The pleats of the pleated medium 1036 generally extend in one direction between the end caps 1032 and 1034. The particular filter arrangement 1030 of Figure 32 has an outer liner 1040, shown to be broken in place, for the pleats to be seen. (Although the pleats can typically be seen through the liner 1040, the arrangement 1030 shown in Figure 32 is designed without showing the pleats through the liner to avoid obscuring other features of the arrangement.) The outer liner 1040 shown comprises expanded metal, although a variety of alternative outer linings, including plastic and paper, can be used. In some cases, an outer liner is simply not used. Attention is also directed to Figure 33, which is a side perspective view of the arrangement 1030, which shows the end caps 1032 and 1034. The pleated folds 1036 are shown, as is the outer liner 1040. For the particular arrangement 1030 of the Figure 33, a direction perpendicular to the pleat direction is generally a circumference of the filter arrangement 1030, indicated by the double-headed arrow 1042. The particular filter arrangement 1030 shown is generally cylindrical, although alternatives are possible. Typically, such elements as element 1030 have an open end cap, in this case corresponding to end cap 1032, and a closed end cap, in this case corresponding to end cap 1034, although alternatives are possible. The term "open", when used in reference to an end cap, is used to refer to an end cap that has an open central opening 1044 to allow airflow between an interior space 1046 of the filter arrangement 1030 and the without passing through medium 1036. The closed end cap, by comparison, is an end cap that has no opening therein. Although not shown, the ribs will typically be arranged in one direction from the outer pleated folds of the pleated medium 1036 perpendicularly (or almost perpendicularly) inside the element in the direction of the inner volume 1046. However, it should be understood that the ribs have no that follow perpendicular to the external pleated folds.
A variety of arrangements have been developed for end caps 1032 and 1034. End caps can comprise polymeric material molded in half. Alternatively they can comprise metal end caps or other preformed end caps attached to the medium, with an appropriate adhesive or potting agent. The particular end caps shown 1032 and 1034 are molded end caps, each comprising polyurethane in compressible foam. End cap 1032 is shown with a housing seal 1050, to seal element 1030 in a housing during use. The represented seal 1050 is an internal radial seal, although external radial seals and axial seals are also possible.
It is noted that the element may include an inner liner 1052 that extends between end caps 1032 and 1034 along an interior of the middle 1030 as shown in Figure 33, although in some arrangements such liners are optional. The inner liner, if used, can be metal, such as expanded metal or perforated metal, or it can be plastic or paper (for example).
An arrangement such as that shown in Figures 32 and 33 is sometimes referred to in this document as a "cylindrical arrangement," using a "cylindrically configured" means, or by similar characterizations. Not all filter arrangements using a tubular medium are configured as cylinders. An example of this is illustrated in Figure 34. Referring to Figure 34, a filter arrangement 1100 comprises an extension of the medium 1102 that is pleated, with a fold direction that extends in the directions of arrow 1004. The filter arrangement 1100 is a slightly tapered with a wide end 1106 and a narrow end 1108. At the wide end 1106 an end cap 1107 is positioned, and at the narrow end 1108 an end cap 1109 is positioned. As with the cylindrical arrangement, a variety of end caps open and closed tremors can be used. For the specific example shown, end cap 1107 is opened and end cap 1108 is closed. The filter arrangement 1100 includes an external support screen 1010 that extends between end cap 1107 and 1009. The particular arrangement 1100 does not include an external support screen, although one can be used. The filter element 1100 includes a sealing arrangement 1112, in this case an axial seal, although an internal or external radial seal is possible. The element 1100 includes a non-continuously in-line mounting arrangement, 1114, for mounting a housing. The 1100 provision is generally described in detail in document PCT / US2003 / 33952 filed on October 23, 2003, incorporated by reference into this document.
Alternative configurations for media fold packs and filter elements are possible, such as those taught in US Patent Application No. 20070209343 entitled "Filter Assembly with Pleated Media Pockets and Methods (Serial No. 11 / 683,287), assigned to Donaldson Company Inc., and incorporated into this document by reference in its entirety.
The filter elements can be used in various housing arrangements, and the filter elements can be replaced or cleaned or remodeled periodically, as desired. The clearance may comprise, for example, mechanical clearance, pulse clearance or reverse fluid flow clearance. In the case of air filtration, the housing can be supplied as part of an air purifier for various air processing or purification applications including engine air inlet, turbine inlet, dust collection and heater and air conditioner. In the case of liquid filtration, the housing can be part of a liquid scrubber to clean or process, for example, water, oil, fuel and hydraulic fluid. The above specification provides a complete description of the present invention. Since many embodiments of the invention can be produced without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the invention resides in the appended claims.

权利要求:
Claims (15)
[1]
1. Pleated filter medium package (450), comprising: (a) filter medium having a first set of pleated folds (458) forming a first face of the medium package and a second set of pleated folds (460) forming a second face the media pack, such that the filter medium extends between the first set of pleated folds (458) and the second set of pleated folds (460) in a forward and backward arrangement; and (b) a plurality of ribs (252, 310, 312, 330, 332, 350, 352, 470, 502, 606) formed in the filter medium, said ribs (252, 310, 312, 330, 332, 350, 352, 470, 502, 606) extending between the first and second faces of the media pack; FEATURED by the fact that at least a portion of the plurality of ribs (252, 310, 312, 330, 332, 350, 352, 470, 502, 606) demonstrates a narrowing of the first face of the medium pack to the second face of the pack medium; and wherein the portion of the plurality of ribs (252, 310, 312, 330, 332, 350, 352, 470, 502, 606) showing a narrow has a narrowing in the cross-sectional area (252) and a uniform height from from the first face of the media pack to the second face of the media pack.
[2]
Pleated filter media package (450) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the portion of the plurality of ribs (252, 310, 312, 330, 332, 350, 352, 470, 502, 606) which shows a narrowing uniform narrowing from the first face to the second face of the media pack.
[3]
Pleated filter media package (450) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the portion of the plurality of ribs (252, 310, 312, 330, 332, 350, 352, 470, 502, 606) which shows a narrowing a narrowing in the cross-sectional area (252) and a uniform width from the first face of the media pack to the second face of the media pack.
[4]
Pleated filter medium package (450) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the filter medium comprising at least 25% cellulose fibers by weight of the fibers in the filter medium.
[5]
Pleated filter media package (450) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the filter medium having a dry stretch breaking limit of less than 10%.
[6]
6. Pleated filter medium package (450) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED that the filter medium exhibits an asymmetry of media volume of at least 10%.
[7]
Pleated filter media package (450) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by at least one of the plurality of ribs (252, 310, 312, 330, 332, 350, 352, 470, 502, 606) comprising peaks having a radius of less than 2 mm.
[8]
Pleated filter media package (450) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by at least 25% of the ribs (252, 310, 312, 330, 332, 350, 352, 470, 502, 606) in the media package pleated filter (450) comprises at least one crest (270) between adjacent rib peaks and extends along at least 25% of the rib length between the first set of pleated folds (458) and the second set of pleated folds ( 460).
[9]
9. Pleated filter medium package (450), comprising: (a) filter medium having a first set of pleated folds (458) forming a first face of the medium package and a second set of pleated folds (460) forming a second face the media pack, such that the filter medium extends between the first set of pleated folds (458) and the second set of pleated folds (460) in a forward and backward arrangement; and (b) a plurality of ribs (252, 310, 312, 330, 332, 350, 352, 470, 502, 606) formed in the filter medium, said ribs (252, 310, 312, 330, 332, 350, 352, 470, 502, 606) extending between the first and second faces of the media pack; FEATURED by the fact that at least a portion of the plurality of ribs (252, 310, 312, 330, 332, 350, 352, 470, 502, 606) demonstrates a narrowing of the first face of the medium pack to the second face of the pack of medium and where the length of the transverse mesh medium along the plurality of ribs (252, 310, 312, 330, 332, 350, 352, 470, 502, 606) is constant from the first face to the second face of the package middle.
[10]
10. Pleated filter medium package (450) according to claim 9, CHARACTERIZED by the filter medium comprising at least 10% cellulose fibers by weight of the fibers in the filter medium.
[11]
11. Pleated filter media package (450) according to claim 9, CHARACTERIZED that the filter medium has a dry stretch breaking limit of less than 10%.
[12]
12. Pleated filter media package (450) according to claim 9, CHARACTERIZED that the filter medium exhibits an asymmetry of media volume of at least 10%.
[13]
13. Pleated filter media package (450) according to claim 9, CHARACTERIZED by at least one of the plurality of ribs (252, 310, 312, 330, 332, 350, 352, 470, 502, 606) comprising a peak (260 ) with a point formed in it, such that the point extends beyond the general profile of the rib.
[14]
14. Pleated filter medium package (450), comprising: (a) filter medium having a first set of pleated folds (458) forming a first face of the medium package and a second set of pleated folds (460) forming a second face of the package means, such that the filter medium extends between the first set of pleated folds (458) and the second set of pleated folds (460) in a forward and backward arrangement; and (b) a plurality of ribs (252, 310, 312, 330, 332, 350, 352, 470, 502, 606) formed in the filter medium, said ribs (252, 310, 312, 330, 332, 350, 352, 470, 502, 606) extending between the first and second faces of the media pack; FEATURED by the fact that at least a portion of the plurality of ribs (252, 310, 312, 330, 332, 350, 352, 470, 502, 606) demonstrates a narrowing of the first face of the medium pack to the second face of the pack of medium and in which less than 10% of the medium in the medium pack is otherwise masked in the medium pack.
[15]
15. Pleated filter medium package (450) according to claim 14, CHARACTERIZED by the filter medium to exhibit an asymmetry of medium volume of at least 10%.

类似技术:

---

公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题

---

BR112012018520B1|2020-03-17|PACK OF PREGUED FILTERING HALF WITH TUNED NERVES

---

US10946313B2|2021-03-16|Pleated filtration media, media packs, filter elements, and methods for filtering fluids

---

JP6518085B2|2019-05-22|Method and apparatus for forming fluted filtration media with tapered flutes

---

CN105381650B|2018-05-29|Filter medium bag, filter element and method

---

BRPI0511915B1|2016-07-12|air filter cartridge

---

CN101932372B|2015-09-16|For the formation of the method and apparatus of fluted filtration media

---

US20180056226A1|2018-03-01|Filtration media, filter packs, and filter elements with protrusions

---

BR112016015907B1|2022-02-08|PACKAGE OF FILTERING MEDIA WITH CORRUGATED PLATE AND COATING PLATE SHOWING PROTUBERANCES

---

US20210229021A1|2021-07-29|Pleated channel flow filter and/or roll form method

---

BR112017002156B1|2021-10-13|FILTER MEANS

---

BR112015032740B1|2021-10-13|FILTER CARTRIDGE AND AIR FILTER ASSEMBLY INCLUDING SAME

同族专利:

---

公开号 | 公开日

---

EP3415218B1|2021-05-05|

---

MX2012008542A|2012-11-12|

---

JP2013517930A|2013-05-20|

---

TR201809519T4|2018-07-23|

---

CN105536383A|2016-05-04|

---

EP3415218A1|2018-12-19|

---

US20190054412A1|2019-02-21|

---

AU2011207507B2|2016-08-25|

---

US10058812B2|2018-08-28|

---

CN102781546B|2016-01-06|

---

BR112012018520A2|2018-06-05|

---

US20110186504A1|2011-08-04|

---

CN105536383B|2019-12-24|

---

CA2787822A1|2011-07-28|

---

WO2011091432A1|2011-07-28|

---

CN102781546A|2012-11-14|

---

EP3950092A1|2022-02-09|

---

AU2011207507A1|2012-09-13|

---

EP2528675B1|2018-04-18|

---

EP2528675B2|2021-12-22|

---

EP2528675A1|2012-12-05|

引用文献:

---

公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题

---

---

CA557255A|1958-05-13|Canadian Kodak Co. Limited|Bayonet lock for lens mount|

---

US2058669A|1932-10-26|1936-10-27|Staynew Filter Corp|Air filter|

---

US2410371A|1943-02-08|1946-10-29|Vokes Cecil Gordon|Filter|

---

US2514505A|1945-06-30|1950-07-11|Sharples Chemicals Inc|Resinous condensation products of urea, alkyl urea, formaldehyde, and polyhydric alcohol or derivative thereof|

---

US2514506A|1948-05-04|1950-07-11|Ervin H Mueller|Valve for fuel gas|

---

US2599604A|1949-07-13|1952-06-10|Jordan V Bauer|Filter element|

---

GB770439A|1954-01-30|1957-03-20|Gen Motors Ltd|Improvements relating to filters for fluids|

---

US2980208A|1957-05-21|1961-04-18|Delbag Luftfilter Gmbh|Filter element for extremely fine dust|

---

US3025963A|1958-03-13|1962-03-20|Russell H Curtis|Products useful as filtering devices and methods of making them|

---

US2960145A|1958-07-14|1960-11-15|Ruegenberg Gottfried|Method of and apparatus for manufacturing longitudinally folded or longitudinally arched, particularly longitudinally corrugated webs of paper, carton, cardboard, plastics or the like|

---

US3053309A|1958-07-21|1962-09-11|S & S Corrugated Paper Mach|Corrugating flute contour|

---

US3062378A|1959-03-30|1962-11-06|Southwick W Briggs|Filter element and method|

---

US3077148A|1959-04-30|1963-02-12|Gen Motors Corp|Filter pleating machine|

---

US3058594A|1960-06-06|1962-10-16|Purolator Products Inc|Pleated paper filter|

---

US3198336A|1961-03-02|1965-08-03|Harry E Hyslop|Pleated oil filter|

---

US3146197A|1962-01-31|1964-08-25|American Air Filter Co|Pleated filter construction|

---

US3293833A|1963-02-28|1966-12-27|Cambridge Filter Corp|Pleated filter|

---

FR1477095A|1966-04-22|1967-04-14|American Air Filter Co|Filter cartridge|

---

US3372533A|1966-07-11|1968-03-12|Farr Co|Self-supporting high density filter|

---

AT281882B|1966-11-11|1970-06-10|Heinz Faigle|Cooling grid as trickle installation, especially for cooling towers|

---

US3531920A|1968-09-16|1970-10-06|Cambridge Filter Corp|Filter|

---

FR2089597A5|1970-04-07|1972-01-07|Isuzu Motors Ltd|

---

US3807150A|1972-02-28|1974-04-30|Hepa Corp|Absolute filter pack structure having a toroidal section|

---

GB1426173A|1972-03-11|1976-02-25|Gen Motors Ltd|Fluid filter elements|

---

US3948712A|1974-09-30|1976-04-06|Sprinter System Of America, Ltd.|Method and apparatus for producing closed loop accordion pleated filters|

---

GB1518554A|1975-11-20|1978-07-19|Evans Adlard & Co|Disposable filter element|

---

US4154688A|1978-01-27|1979-05-15|Pall Corporation|Collapse-resistant corrugated filter element|

---

GB1604979A|1978-05-31|1981-12-16|Engineering Components Ltd|Air filters|

---

US4290889A|1980-01-24|1981-09-22|Brunswick Corporation|Support for backflushable filter media|

---

US4488966A|1980-01-24|1984-12-18|Brunswick Corporation|Filter pleat support means|

---

JPS56133005A|1980-03-19|1981-10-17|Nippon Soken Inc|Filter element for liquid|

---

DE3274955D1|1981-06-23|1987-02-12|Nippon Denso Co|Filter means|

---

US4389315A|1981-07-24|1983-06-21|Frank Crocket|Filter device with permeable corrugated grid panel|

---

US4410427A|1981-11-02|1983-10-18|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Fluid filtering device|

---

AU540009B2|1982-02-16|1984-10-25|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.|Exhaust gas filter|

---

US4410316A|1982-03-18|1983-10-18|Yoke James H|Method for production of corrugated paper|

---

US4452619A|1982-06-18|1984-06-05|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Pleated filter element having integral pleat spacers|

---

JPH0245485B2|1982-11-05|1990-10-09|Toyo Boseki Kk|ROZAI|

---

US4537812A|1983-06-17|1985-08-27|Cambridge Filter Corporation|Corrugated spacers for pleated air filter media|

---

DE3327659C2|1983-07-30|1987-01-02|Mtu Muenchen Gmbh|

---

JPS6071018A|1983-09-26|1985-04-22|Seibu Giken:Kk|Filter element|

---

JPS6111921A|1984-06-27|1986-01-20|Tdk Corp|Magnetic recording medium and magnetic recording method|

---

US4615804A|1984-08-30|1986-10-07|Donaldson Company, Inc.|High density pleat spacing and scoring tool and filter made therewith|

---

JPS61200116A|1985-02-28|1986-09-04|Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd|Production of modified polyurethane|

---

JP2530814B2|1986-01-31|1996-09-04|株式会社ニコン|Interchangeable lens barrel mount structure|

---

US4735720A|1986-03-17|1988-04-05|Nelson Industries Inc.|Pleated filter element having improved side seam seal|

---

HU197220B|1986-03-24|1989-03-28|Budapesti Mueszaki Egyetem|Charge structure particularly in columns chiefly for contacting liquid and gas phases|

---

US4732678A|1986-05-01|1988-03-22|Wix Corporation|Filter body having closely adjacent filter material|

---

KR900004542B1|1986-07-18|1990-06-29|닛뽕 덴소오 가부시기 가이샤|A method and apparatus for the preparation of a filtering element|

---

JPS6485109A|1987-09-28|1989-03-30|Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd|Separator for air filter|

---

JPH01128811A|1987-11-16|1989-05-22|P M Kogyo:Kk|Mold changeover mechanism of molding equipment|

---

JPH01163408A|1987-12-17|1989-06-27|Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd|Method for controlling operation of steam turbine|

---

JPH01163410A|1987-12-18|1989-06-27|Mazda Motor Corp|Valve system of engine|

---

US4925561A|1988-03-31|1990-05-15|Tsuchiya Mfg. Co., Ltd.|Composite planar and triangularly pleated filter element|

---

DE3815145C1|1988-05-04|1989-10-05|Knecht Filterwerke Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart, De|Filter body made of a zigzag-shaped pleated web|

---

EP0341192A1|1988-05-04|1989-11-08|KNECHT Filterwerke GmbH|Filter web with formed crimps and filter body using this material|

---

US4954249A|1988-06-10|1990-09-04|Beloit Corporation|Wave screen plate|

---

JP2830080B2|1988-07-08|1998-12-02|株式会社デンソー|Filter element and manufacturing method thereof|

---

JPH0225009A|1988-07-14|1990-01-26|Toshiba Corp|Foil-wound transformer|

---

DE3916838A1|1989-05-19|1990-11-22|Lippold Hans Joachim|FILTER INSERT|

---

DE8910110U1|1989-08-24|1990-01-04|Obermueller, Herbert, 6464 Linsengericht, De|

---

US5262899A|1989-08-25|1993-11-16|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Optical apparatus having a mount|

---

JP3033109B2|1990-01-25|2000-04-17|株式会社デンソー|Filter element and manufacturing method thereof|

---

JPH0727158B2|1990-02-02|1995-03-29|キヤノン株式会社|Optical equipment|

---

DE4004079A1|1990-02-08|1991-08-14|Lippold Hans Joachim|FILTER INSERT|

---

US5274413A|1990-02-14|1993-12-28|Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha|Mount assembly of optical devices|

---

US5066400A|1990-10-09|1991-11-19|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Self-spaced pleated filter|

---

FR2673852B1|1991-03-13|1994-04-15|Labinal Precision Mecanique|IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO FILTRATION CARTRIDGES COMPRISING A FILTER ELEMENT CONSISTING OF A PLEATED SHEET.|

---

US5316828A|1991-04-25|1994-05-31|Miller Ray R|Reinforced fluted medium and corrugated fiberboard made using the medium|

---

US5128039A|1991-06-04|1992-07-07|Allied-Signal Inc.|Filter with delta wedge pleat|

---

GB9112615D0|1991-06-12|1991-07-31|Domnick Hunter Filters Ltd|Filter|

---

DE4126126C2|1991-08-07|1998-02-12|Mann & Hummel Filter|Filter manufacturing process|

---

JP3239517B2|1992-06-17|2001-12-17|株式会社デンソー|Manufacturing method of filtration element|

---

JP3318050B2|1992-06-18|2002-08-26|株式会社アマダ|Bar storage device|

---

US5346519A|1993-04-27|1994-09-13|Pneumafil Corporation|Filter media construction|

---

JP3362453B2|1993-05-21|2003-01-07|株式会社デンソー|Filtration element|

---

FR2695655B1|1993-07-20|1995-03-03|Icbt Roanne|Device for the heat treatment of moving wires.|

---

US5888262A|1993-12-30|1999-03-30|"Jacobi" Systemtechnik Gmbh|Filter insert and process for producing it|

---

DE4345122A1|1993-12-30|1995-07-06|Detroit Holding Ltd|Process for manufacturing a filter insert|

---

JP3006350U|1994-04-08|1995-01-24|有限会社ゴーイング東京|Air-cleaner filter element|

---

US5613992A|1994-11-23|1997-03-25|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Reverse flow air filter arrangement and method|

---

US5522909A|1994-12-27|1996-06-04|Purolator Products Na, Inc.|Air filter device|

---

JPH08238413A|1995-03-03|1996-09-17|Toyoda Spinning & Weaving Co Ltd|Filter medium manufacturing apparatus|

---

JP3300199B2|1995-05-15|2002-07-08|アマノ株式会社|Flat filter for dust collector|

---

US5871641A|1996-05-30|1999-02-16|H-Tech, Inc.|Fluid filter with pleated septum|

---

US5591329A|1995-05-31|1997-01-07|H-Tech, Inc.|Fluid filter with pleated septum|

---

US5632792A|1995-08-16|1997-05-27|Purolator Products Company|Air induction filter hose assembly|

---

JPH09187614A|1996-01-12|1997-07-22|Toyoda Spinning & Weaving Co Ltd|Filter element|

---

US6089761A|1996-01-31|2000-07-18|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Camera system|

---

ES2205220T3|1996-04-26|2004-05-01|Donaldson Company, Inc.|FILTRATION DEVICE WITH SURCOS.|

---

US5902364A|1996-04-26|1999-05-11|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Conical filter|

---

US5792247A|1996-04-26|1998-08-11|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Integrated resonator and filter apparatus|

---

US5820646A|1996-04-26|1998-10-13|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Inline filter apparatus|

---

US5895574A|1996-04-26|1999-04-20|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Rolled liquid filter using fluted media|

---

US5772883A|1996-04-26|1998-06-30|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Slanted inline filter|

---

USD398046S|1996-04-26|1998-09-08|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Combined filter element and frame therefor|

---

USD399944S|1996-04-26|1998-10-20|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Conical filter|

---

SE509820C2|1996-04-30|1999-03-08|Volvo Ab|Elastic resilient antenna element|

---

GB9610776D0|1996-05-22|1996-07-31|Univ Aston|Structured packings|

---

US5804073A|1996-07-22|1998-09-08|Ter Horst; Dirk Dieter Hans|Method of making a pleated structure having a pleated memory shape and the filter media made therefrom|

---

US5904793A|1996-08-14|1999-05-18|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company|Method and equipment for rapid manufacture of loop material|

---

CA2272344C|1996-12-01|2006-03-28|Clifford Roy Warner|A magnetic decontamination device|

---

JP3229230B2|1996-12-24|2001-11-19|株式会社東芝|Elevator equipment|

---

BR9806721A|1997-01-20|2000-04-04|Cuno Inc|Apparatus and method comprising steps for forming helical pleated filter cartridges|

---

JPH10241473A|1997-02-26|1998-09-11|Harness Sogo Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk|Manufacture of automobile wire harness|

---

DE19735993A1|1997-08-19|1999-02-25|Mann & Hummel Filter|Long-life filter element for e.g. hot oil, fuel and water|

---

US6051042A|1997-09-12|2000-04-18|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Air cleaner assembly|

---

US5987399A|1998-01-14|1999-11-16|Arch Development Corporation|Ultrasensitive surveillance of sensors and processes|

---

FR2774925B3|1998-02-17|2000-04-14|Filtrauto|FILTRATION CARTRIDGE, ESPECIALLY FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE|

---

US6245229B1|1998-07-31|2001-06-12|Amway Corporation|Point-of-use water treatment system|

---

EP1595590A1|1999-01-07|2005-11-16|Cuno Incorporated|Pleated filter element and method of forming a pleated filter element|

---

US6235195B1|1999-02-26|2001-05-22|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Filter element incorporating a handle member|

---

US6179890B1|1999-02-26|2001-01-30|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Air cleaner having sealing arrangement between media arrangement and housing|

---

AT254949T|1999-02-26|2003-12-15|Donaldson Co Inc|GASKET SYSTEM FOR FILTERS|

---

US6190432B1|1999-02-26|2001-02-20|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Filter arrangement; sealing system; and methods|

---

US6210469B1|1999-02-26|2001-04-03|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Air filter arrangement having first and second filter media dividing a housing and methods|

---

USD437401S1|1999-02-26|2001-02-06|Donaldson Company, Inc.|In-line air cleaner|

---

FR2794798B1|1999-06-11|2004-10-29|Filtrauto|FILTER ELEMENT FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE|

---

US6238561B1|1999-09-24|2001-05-29|Nelson Industries, Inc.|Corrugated axial filter with simple fold pattern and method of making it|

---

US6348084B1|1999-11-05|2002-02-19|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Filter element, air cleaner, and methods|

---

US6348085B1|1999-11-10|2002-02-19|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Filter arrangement and methods|

---

WO2001044869A1|1999-12-16|2001-06-21|Nikon Corporation|Bayonet mount|

---

DE10015951C2|1999-12-22|2002-09-26|Jacobi Systemtechnik Gmbh|filter element|

---

WO2001078839A2|2000-04-18|2001-10-25|Avon Rubber & Plastics, Inc.|Self-sealing filter connection and gas mask and filter assembly incorporating the same|

---

US6986842B2|2000-05-11|2006-01-17|Schroeder Industries, Llc|Filter element with foam girdle to secure pleats and method of forming same|

---

US6946012B1|2000-05-18|2005-09-20|Fleetguard, Inc.|Filter and forming system|

---

US6582490B2|2000-05-18|2003-06-24|Fleetguard, Inc.|Pre-form for exhaust aftertreatment control filter|

---

US6673136B2|2000-09-05|2004-01-06|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Air filtration arrangements having fluted media constructions and methods|

---

US7270693B2|2000-09-05|2007-09-18|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Polymer, polymer microfiber, polymer nanofiber and applications including filter structures|

---

US6743273B2|2000-09-05|2004-06-01|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Polymer, polymer microfiber, polymer nanofiber and applications including filter structures|

---

DE60125052T2|2000-09-15|2007-06-28|3M Innovative Properties Co., St. Paul|SPIRAL FOLDED FILTER CARTRIDGES|

---

DK1414540T3|2000-09-21|2007-04-02|Lpd Technologies Inc|fluid filter|

---

DE10113077A1|2000-09-21|2002-04-25|Lippold Hans Joachim|Fluid filter element|

---

JP2002113798A|2000-10-10|2002-04-16|Nippon Steel Corp|Honeycomb form using nonwoven fabric of metal fiber|

---

US6620223B2|2000-10-24|2003-09-16|Siemens Vdo Automotive Inc.|Pleated air filter assembly|

---

JP2002186809A|2000-12-20|2002-07-02|Toyoda Spinning & Weaving Co Ltd|Filter and method for manufacturing the same|

---

DE10063789A1|2000-12-21|2002-06-27|Mann & Hummel Filter|Filter element for face flow|

---

US6585793B2|2000-12-29|2003-07-01|Andreae Filters, Inc.|Filter apparatus and methods|

---

US20020108359A1|2001-02-15|2002-08-15|Siemens Automotive Inc.|Low restriction air filter with structural pleats|

---

JP2002303122A|2001-04-02|2002-10-18|Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd|Particulate filter|

---

US7438812B2|2001-04-10|2008-10-21|Parker-Hannifin Corporation|Filter element and method of making|

---

US6824581B1|2001-05-01|2004-11-30|Dana Corporation|Pleated filter media with embossed spacers and cross flow|

---

US6544310B2|2001-05-24|2003-04-08|Fleetguard, Inc.|Exhaust aftertreatment filter with particulate distribution pattern|

---

US6517598B2|2001-06-06|2003-02-11|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Filter element having flange and methods|

---

US6610126B2|2001-06-06|2003-08-26|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Filter element having sealing members and methods|

---

US20030033952A1|2001-08-20|2003-02-20|Tanner Daniel Jeremy|Tannerite binary exploding targets|

---

US20030056479A1|2001-09-25|2003-03-27|Lemaster Harley|Self pleating filter media|

---

WO2003033952A1|2001-10-15|2003-04-24|William Dee Cherrington|Method and apparatus for installing a pipe|

---

JP2003166446A|2001-11-29|2003-06-13|Bridgestone Corp|Engine air cleaner|

---

US7488365B2|2001-12-03|2009-02-10|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Filter element using corrugated media sheet|

---

US6966940B2|2002-04-04|2005-11-22|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Air filter cartridge|

---

ES2279140T5|2002-05-09|2009-04-16|Donaldson Company, Inc.|AIR FILTER WITH HALF FILTER MEDIA.|

---

DE10226761A1|2002-06-14|2004-01-08|Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH|Bayonet base for lamp holder|

---

CN101306277B|2002-07-10|2011-11-02|唐纳森公司|Fluted filter medium and process for its manufacture|

---

EP1551530B8|2002-07-18|2009-04-29|Freudenberg Filtration Technologies, L.P.|Filter pack having nonwoven filter media and nonwoven edge banding frame|

---

DE60316176T2|2002-10-28|2008-05-29|Donaldson Co., Inc., Minneapolis|AIR FILTER; REPLACEABLE FILTER CARTRIDGE; AND METHOD|

---

GB2395537B|2002-11-25|2006-04-26|Falmer Investment Ltd|A fluid distribution device|

---

DE60235901D1|2002-12-23|2010-05-20|Asulab Sa|Watch case with bottom or lid with bayonet lock that can be opened manually|

---

WO2004082795A2|2003-03-18|2004-09-30|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Improved process and materials for coiling z-filter media, and/or closing flutes of filter media; and, products|

---

JP4121902B2|2003-06-16|2008-07-23|本田技研工業株式会社|Control device for compression ignition type internal combustion engine|

---

US7311747B2|2003-10-14|2007-12-25|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Filter assembly with pleated media V-packs, and methods|

---

CN1902384B|2003-11-25|2012-09-05|巴布考克日立株式会社|Particulate matter-containing exhaust emission controlling filter, exhaust emission controlling method and device|

---

CA2872093C|2003-12-22|2019-05-07|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Filter element comprising a seal arrangement and method for making the same|

---

US7661540B2|2003-12-30|2010-02-16|Aaf Mcquay, Inc.|Method of forming spaced pleated filter material and product of same|

---

WO2005082484A1|2004-02-09|2005-09-09|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Pleated corrugated filter media|

---

WO2005077487A1|2004-02-10|2005-08-25|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Media arrangement; filter constructions; and, methods|

---

US20050217226A1|2004-04-05|2005-10-06|3M Innovative Properties Company|Pleated aligned web filter|

---

AT487529T|2004-06-14|2010-11-15|Donaldson Co Inc|AIR FILTER ARRANGEMENT AND METHOD|

---

US7425227B1|2004-06-17|2008-09-16|Wix Filtration Corp Llc|Pleated filter element with offset emboss pattern|

---

US7235115B2|2004-07-09|2007-06-26|3M Innovative Properties Company|Method of forming self-supporting pleated filter media|

---

WO2006014941A2|2004-07-26|2006-02-09|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Z-filter media pack arrangement; and, methods|

---

EP2239039B1|2004-08-06|2021-10-06|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Air filter cartridge|

---

US20060042210A1|2004-08-27|2006-03-02|Dallas Andrew J|Acidic impregnated filter element, and methods|

---

US20060042209A1|2004-08-27|2006-03-02|Dallas Andrew J|Alkaline impregnated filter element, and methods|

---

US20060091084A1|2004-11-02|2006-05-04|Baldwin Filters, Inc.|Fluted filter media with intermediate flow restriction and method of making same|

---

US8042694B2|2004-11-02|2011-10-25|Baldwin Filters, Inc.|Gathered filter media for an air filter and method of making same|

---

US20060151383A1|2005-01-12|2006-07-13|Aaf-Mcquay Inc.|Pleated corrugated media and method of making|

---

EP1838414B1|2005-01-13|2012-03-07|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Air filter arrangement|

---

MX2007008538A|2005-01-13|2007-09-07|Donaldson Co Inc|Air filter cartridge and air cleaner assembly.|

---

US20060272305A1†|2005-06-06|2006-12-07|Morgan Jeffrey S|Channel filter|

---

US20090302390A1|2005-09-15|2009-12-10|Nxp B.V.|Method of manufacturing semiconductor device with different metallic gates|

---

CN101405068B|2005-11-09|2011-09-14|唐纳森公司|Seal arrangement for filter element, filter element assembly and methods|

---

US8702830B2|2005-11-14|2014-04-22|Dcl International Inc.|Diesel exhaust filtering apparatus|

---

US7556663B2|2006-02-01|2009-07-07|Advanced Flow Engineering, Inc.|Dual pleated air filter|

---

US7931723B2|2006-03-09|2011-04-26|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Filter assembly with pleated media pockets, and methods|

---

US7625419B2|2006-05-10|2009-12-01|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Air filter arrangement; assembly; and, methods|

---

US7754041B2|2006-07-31|2010-07-13|3M Innovative Properties Company|Pleated filter with bimodal monolayer monocomponent media|

---

US7588619B2|2006-11-28|2009-09-15|Wix Filtration Corp.|Cross-flow filter media and filter assembly|

---

EP2514505B1|2007-02-02|2018-06-27|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Air filtration media pack and filter element|

---

US8673196B2|2007-02-28|2014-03-18|Fram Group Ip Llc|Radial seal filter with open end pleats|

---

WO2009003119A1|2007-06-26|2008-12-31|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Filtration media pack, filter elements, and methods|

---

JP4941330B2|2008-01-25|2012-05-30|トヨタ紡織株式会社|Air cleaner element|

---

JP5986354B2|2008-02-04|2016-09-06|ドナルドソン カンパニー，インコーポレイティド|Method and apparatus for forming filtration media with flutes|

---

DE102008029480A1|2008-06-20|2009-12-24|Mahle International Gmbh|Multi-layer filter web|

---

JP5757868B2|2008-07-25|2015-08-05|ドナルドソン カンパニー，インコーポレイティド|Air filtration media pack, filter element, air filtration media and method |

---

WO2010017407A1|2008-08-06|2010-02-11|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Z-media having flute closures, methods and apparatus|

---

MX2012001455A|2009-08-03|2012-05-08|Donaldson Co Inc|Method and apparatus for forming fluted filtration media having tapered flutes.|

---

EP3950092A1|2010-01-25|2022-02-09|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Pleated filtration media having tapered flutes|

---

BR112012008427A2|2010-11-16|2018-06-05|Cummins Filtration Ip Inc|filter elements|

---

JP5982919B2|2012-03-22|2016-08-31|カシオ計算機株式会社|Printed matter, printing method, and image forming apparatus|

---

WO2016067944A1|2014-10-31|2016-05-06|Ｊｃｒファーマ株式会社|Method for producing remcombinant human dnasei|EP2514505B1|2007-02-02|2018-06-27|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Air filtration media pack and filter element|

---

WO2009003119A1|2007-06-26|2008-12-31|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Filtration media pack, filter elements, and methods|

---

JP5986354B2|2008-02-04|2016-09-06|ドナルドソン カンパニー，インコーポレイティド|Method and apparatus for forming filtration media with flutes|

---

JP5757868B2|2008-07-25|2015-08-05|ドナルドソン カンパニー，インコーポレイティド|Air filtration media pack, filter element, air filtration media and method |

---

MX2012001455A|2009-08-03|2012-05-08|Donaldson Co Inc|Method and apparatus for forming fluted filtration media having tapered flutes.|

---

DE102009040202B4|2009-09-07|2015-10-01|Mann + Hummel Gmbh|filter|

---

EP3950092A1|2010-01-25|2022-02-09|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Pleated filtration media having tapered flutes|

---

US8888885B2|2010-09-07|2014-11-18|Cummins Filtration Ip Inc.|Filter and filter media having reduced restriction|

---

EP3366361A1|2012-03-05|2018-08-29|Cummins Filtration IP, Inc.|Filter and filter media having reduced restriction|

---

US8852310B2|2010-09-07|2014-10-07|Cummins Filtration Ip Inc.|Filter and filter media having reduced restriction|

---

BR112012008427A2|2010-11-16|2018-06-05|Cummins Filtration Ip Inc|filter elements|

---

EP2642488B1|2011-10-14|2017-02-01|China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute|Bottom nozzle filter device and debris-resistant bottom nozzle using the device|

---

US9371777B2|2012-01-23|2016-06-21|Bha Altair, Llc|Filter assembly including pleat tip shapes|

---

ITTO20120185A1|2012-03-02|2013-09-03|Cornaglia G Off Met Spa|AIR FILTER CARTRIDGE FOR ENDOTHERMIC ENGINES, ITS METHOD OF MANUFACTURE AND AIR FILTER THAT INCORPORATES THAT CARTRIDGE.|

---

US10112130B2|2012-10-09|2018-10-30|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Self-supporting folded sheet material, filter elements, and methods|

---

DE112014001189T5|2013-03-08|2015-12-17|Cummins Filtration Ip, Inc.|Corrugated filter media with modulated waves|

---

US20140263037A1|2013-03-14|2014-09-18|Ahistrom Corporation|Filtration media|

---

CN105102098B|2013-03-14|2017-05-03|阿斯特罗姆公司|Method of making a thin filtration media|

---

US20180207569A1|2013-06-14|2018-07-26|Jordan Salpietra|Systems and methods of indicating filter life|

---

DE102014009706A1|2013-07-12|2015-01-15|Mann + Hummel Gmbh|Filter element with holding surfaces, filter with a filter element and filter housing of a filter|

---

WO2015157408A2|2014-04-09|2015-10-15|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Self-supporting folded sheet material, filter elements, and methods|

---

US9551306B2|2014-07-09|2017-01-24|Caterpillar Inc.|Air filtration element|

---

MX2017001156A|2014-08-01|2017-10-12|Donaldson Co Inc|Filtration media, pleated media pack, filter cartridge, and methods for manufacturing.|

---

CA2960497A1|2014-09-08|2016-03-17|Clarcor Air Filtration Products, Inc.|Filter with high dust capacity|

---

JP6350241B2|2014-11-25|2018-07-04|トヨタ紡織株式会社|Air cleaner|

---

US9752541B2|2014-12-05|2017-09-05|Caterpillar Inc.|Filter media|

---

WO2017031168A1|2015-08-17|2017-02-23|Clarcor Inc.|Filter media packs, methods of making and filter media presses|

---

AU2016259419B2|2015-11-30|2020-12-10|Parker-Hannifin Corporation|Engine Panel Filter and Housing System|

---

CA3011762A1|2016-02-08|2017-08-17|Dcl International Inc.|Filtering media member for filtering particulate matter in a fluid stream|

---

DE112017000276T5|2016-02-25|2018-09-13|Cummins Filtration Ip, Inc.|Folded filter media pack with varying channels and deep corrugations|

---

US10682597B2|2016-04-14|2020-06-16|Baldwin Filters, Inc.|Filter system|

---

CA3031804A1|2016-08-16|2018-02-22|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Hydrocarbon fluid-water separation|

---

CN206175109U|2016-11-01|2017-05-17|平原滤清器有限公司|A air cleaner filter core for car internal -combustion engine|

---

AU2019222772A1|2018-02-15|2020-08-06|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Filter element configurations|

---

US10918976B2|2018-10-24|2021-02-16|Pall Corporation|Support and drainage material, filter, and method of use|

---

EP3946683A1|2019-03-27|2022-02-09|Donaldson Company, Inc.|Particle separator filter with an axially extending flow face|

---

US20210170311A1|2019-12-09|2021-06-10|Pall Corporation|Filter element, filter, filter device, and method of use|

法律状态:
2018-06-19| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

---

2019-01-29| B06T| Formal requirements before examination [chapter 6.20 patent gazette]|

---

2019-10-01| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

---

2020-01-28| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

---

2020-03-17| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 25/01/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

---

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

---

US29810910P| true| 2010-01-25|2010-01-25|

---

US61/298,109|2010-01-25|

---

PCT/US2011/022446|WO2011091432A1|2010-01-25|2011-01-25|Pleated filtration media having tapered flutes|

---